C02 emissions trading can help lower the environmental cost of doing business – if you know how to navigate the booming $60 billion market. How It Works Emissions limits and trading rules vary country by country, so...
The EU ETS is embedded in the broader regime created by the Kyoto Protocol, but it applies only to a subset of countries whose industry, in some cases, competes with producers whose emissions are not limited. This step has triggered a debate among industrialists on how much the EU ETS...
This paper focuses on Greenhouse gas GHG emissions trading and project-based mechanisms for GHG emission reduction which are two possible policy instruments that countries can use to address climate change. As climate change is insensitive to the location of GHG emissions and reductions, these trading-based instruments are particularly attractive in...
Emissions trading or, more generally tradable permit systems, have already been used to deal with various environmental or resource problems since the 1970s, notably air pollution, fisheries, water management, waste management and land-use. Emissions trading have been considered as a possible tool for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions since the early...
The overwhelming consensus is that emissions of primary concern, including sulfur dioxide and particulate matter, have been on a steady decline. During the period well before the current round of NSR enforcement actions, all criteria air emissions were steadily declining - including CO emissions. The analysis tracks air quality gains...
In November of 2002 an environmental commitment made, by the city of Cambridge to reduce the city's greenhouse gas GHG emissions, called the City of Cambridge Climate Protection Plan was released. This document demonstrated the city's commitment to follow the emission standards set forth by the Kyoto Protocol, which calls...
This paper looks at existing and potential domestic energy policies and measures that can contribute to fill the gap between the targets set in the Kyoto Protocol and the present trends in CO2 emissions. The paper examines historical trends in carbon emissions and projects these trends for several countries. Building...
Although there has been a fast development towards low noise and less gas emissions in the ICE technology in recent years, there will always be emissions due to the primary energies such as oil - from which petrol and diesel are derived - and natural gas. Fuel cell technology is...
Concern about energy supply frequently attracts enormous interest and front-page headlines; yet when resources appear plentiful; the issue can be ignored for months or years. The supply of energy is determined at various times by the availability of fossil fuels, or by environmental pollution constraints such as acid gas emissions,...
This paper focuses on Kyoto Protocol. Governments must act now to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Even if the Kyoto Protocol enters into force - and this is by no means assured - it would only control about one third of global emissions at best. Clearly, action needs to be taken,...
An enduring issue in environmental regulation is whether to clean up existing "old" plants or in some manner to bring in new "clean" plants to replace the old. In this paper, a unit-level data base of emissions by nearly 2000 electric generating units from 1985 through 2002 is used to...
In 2001, heating accounted for one quarter (24%) of total energy consumption. Domestic heating alone accounted for nearly 1/5th (17%) of the energy consumed and possibly up to 14% of total GHG emissions. Demand for heat is likely to fall as building energy efficiency regulations are tightened and older housing...
This white paper article discusses some of the possible limitations with emissions trading, and the potential for appropriate scheme design choices and complementary policy measures to compensate for these. It reveals the key design questions for emissions trading schemes include coverage and permit allocation. In particular, the challenges faced by...
This paper provides the objectives of the work which were to carry out a techno-economic feasibility study of the exhaust gas technologies capable of reducing emissions from diesel engines burning pyrolysis oil, to within internationally recognized limits, and to provide sufficient, well-documented, information to attract private investment, with British funding...
There are a number of benefits to linking emissions trading schemes, including enhanced abatement options, market liquidity, and reduced compliance costs. This paper discusses how GHG trading schemes with different design options may be linked in order to take advantage of these benefits; possible barriers to linking; and solutions. It...
Air pollution is not only a serious health issue; it’s also an important consideration for companies planning to build new facilities or expand operations that may be regulated as sources of air emissions. Local air quality is also a key factor when evaluating possible sites. Every company that may be...
This paper discusses the Fugitive emissions designs and sealing systems applied to new reciprocating compressors to meet environmental regulations which are now being applied to upgrade existing reciprocating compressor cylinders to comply with current fugitive emissions requirements as well. Reciprocating compressor cylinders in good working condition have low gas leakage...
The aim of this paper is to build an understanding of the wastes and emissions to the environment generated by SOFC and SPFC system manufacture, and subsequently identify key factors which might pose a barrier to the commercial competitiveness of either system. Fuel cell systems for both stationary power generation...
This paper outlines possible elements of a fast-tracking procedure, analyses the potential environmental impact that this could have, and explores the economic consequences for small electricity generation projects, focusing on renewable. The Clean Development Mechanism CDM allows project developers to earn certified emission reductions credits CERs for projects that reduce...
This paper focuses on Large-scale application of bio-ethanol as a transportation fuel which can contribute substantially to the reduction of CO2 emissions and other emissions (SO2, NOx) from the transport sector. Worldwide, 17 million tons/year of fuel ethanol are currently produced from agro-feedstock such as corn, sugar cane, sugar beet...
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