This paper examines the role of sanctions in promoting debt repayment during the classical gold standard period. It analyzes a wide range of sanctions including gunboat diplomacy, external fiscal control over a country's finances, asset seizures by private creditors, and trade sanctions. It finds that "supersanctions", instances where military pressure...
The Water Quality Insurance Syndicate has offices in lower Manhattan in New York City, and the events of September 11th remain vivid. However, in its aftermath it was difficult to envision the broad reaching ripple effects resulting from the event. Among the effects is the clash of two major issues:...
PARIS -- Louis Vuitton is very pleased with the ruling issued by the Paris Court of Appeals on June 28, 2006 confirming the previous sanctions against Google and its French subsidiary for trademark counterfeiting, unfair competition and advertising.
American businesses have been subjected to added burden on products being shipped to the EU since March, when the sanctions were implemented at 5%. U.S. manufacturing already faces numerous tax disadvantages compared to other developed nations and the issue is particularly poignant to apparel and textile companies should the sanctions...
The World Trade Organization authorized the European Union and seven other U.S. trading partners to impose more than $150 million worth of sanctions against the United States for failing to repeal anti-dumping rules deemed illegal.The World Trade Organization authorized the European Union and seven other U.S. trading partners to impose...
The bill repeals the foreign sales corporation/extra-territorial income program - ruled an illegal export subsidy by the World Trade Organization WTO. Under the WTO ruling, the European Union EU implemented sanctions in March (currently at 8 percent) against a range of U.S. products, including U.S. - made apparel, textile and...
U.S. apparel, footwear and travel goods companies have been absorbing the additional costs associated with sanctions even before they were imposed on March 1, 2004 as some goods that were pre-shipped to avoid higher duties have instead incurred costly warehouse charges. The other unfortunate result to these sanctions has been...
This paper describes the broad parameters of the cooperative approach envisaged by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board for the oversight of non-U.S. firms with respect to inspections, investigations and sanctions, registration, potential conflicts of laws and multinational audits. The paper also describes the Board's intended mechanisms to effect the...
The White House released a letter on 9 November in which President Bill Clinton informed Congress of his decision to extend economic sanctions against Iran for another year. The sanctions have been in effect since the 1979 seizure of the U.S. embassy The White House released...
The U.S. maintains export sanctions against various countries and against various end users. These sanctions take the form of export prohibitions and export restrictions. While some of these sanctions apply across the board to all U.S. exports, others have more limited scope and apply only to certain U.S. exports. This...
With the end of the Cold War, the focus of US foreign policy changed—and so did that of economic sanctions. Partly because of increased cooperation within the UN framework, economic sanctions were imposed so routinely in the early 1990s that scholars called that period the sanctions decade. Andrew Rose made...
In 1996, long before corporate governance was the buzzword in the for profit world, Section 4958 was added to the Internal Revenue Code by The Taxpayer Bill of Rights II. Section 4958 contains several "intermediate sanctions" that pose concerns for tax-exempt organizations. These intermediate sanctions provided the Internal Revenue Services...
Article defines the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for CEOs and CFOs of public-reporting companies to make personal certifications regarding the accuracy and completeness of certain reports, the fair presentation of financial statements, the responsibility for internal accounting controls, and disclosures regarding significant deficiencies made to audit committees...
Pascal Lamy, the European Commission's trade chief has confirmed that Europe would be imposing sanctions in order to pressure the United States to eliminate export tax breaks, which have been ruled illegal by the World Trade Organization. Pascal Lamy, the European Commission's trade...
Q The NASD has indicated that it is considering filing a formal disciplinary action against me. My attorney mentioned something about "Sanction Guidelines" that are used in disciplinary actions. If the NASD brings a formal action against me and I'm found Q The NASD has indicated that it is...
Baghdad has refused the conditional lifting of sanctions, even at the risk of being attacked by the United States, which demands the return of weapons inspectors to Iraq, AFP reported from Baghdad on 27 November. Iraqi Foreign Minister Naji Sabri H Baghdad has refused...
Earlier this year, Washington officials signaled an interest in reviewing the U.S. approach to Iran and opening a dialogue with Tehran, but more recently, these same officials have suggested that a substantive policy change is unlikely in the near fu Earlier this year, Washington officials signaled...
Although often described as one of the most important features of the World Trade Organization WTO dispute settlement system, the possibility of authorizing a trade sanction against a scofflaw member government is a mixed blessing. On the one hand, it reifies the WTO rules and promotes respect for them. On...
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