LONDON (Reuters UK) - Britain's energy suppliers must stop labelling any electricity tariffs "green" unless they commit to spending more of their own money on environmental projects, according to new guidelines from UK energy regulator Ofgem. Under government schemes aimed at cutting carbon emissions, 8-10...
By John Bowker LONDON (Reuters UK) - German-owned utility E.ON UK EONG has experienced a doubling of bad debts in the past twelve months as customers struggle with soaring gas and electricity prices, Chief Executive Paul Golby said on Tuesday. Speaking to parliament's Business and Enterprise...
Like most telecom companies in Europe, the Moscow City Telephone Network MGTS operates within a strict regulatory framework where many tariffs are subject to approval by the regulator, while at the same time being subjected to the rigors of increased competition. The company wanted to strengthen profitability and competitiveness by...
Despite a dramatic increase in solar cell production in the United States last year -- up 48 percent to 266 megawatts -- the nation's share of global production and installations continued to fall in 2007, according to the latest Vital Signs Update from the Worldwatch Institute, produced in collaboration with...
As reported last week, British Petroleum is acquiring a fifty-percent stake in Tropical BioEnergia SA, a joint venture established by Brazilian companies Santelisa Vale, the second-largest sugar cane crusher in Brazil, and Maeda Group, one of the largest cotton producers in the world, which is constructing a 435 million liter-per-year...
This paper presents a three-period game for the choice of a MNC MultiNational Companies between greenfield investment, acquisition and exporting. This choice is affected by; Composition of firm specific assets; Possibility of imitation and cross country wage differentials. Relatively more managerial skill favors acquisition, while relatively more technological skill favors...
This paper studies the effects of trade barriers in the internal and the international organization of firms. It builds on the Antras and Helpman (2004) North-South model in which firms choose from among four organizational form types corresponding to the combined decisions: outsource vs. integrate, and North vs. South. It...
The paper studies how the optimal nonlinear quantity-payment allocation can be truthfully implemented by optional tariff s in a differentiated goods duopoly. Consumers choose from a menu of tariffs and are subsequently billed according to this. It is found that implementation by simple two part tariffs may not be a...
This paper examines the reform of the external tariff initiated by the CEMAC and the WAEMU that is aimed at reinforcing their economic integration. Overall, there is broad compliance with the streamlined and moderate rates, but with significant deviations from the harmonized paths in several countries. WAMZ countries, except Ghana,...
A specific tariff determines the tariff at the border by placing the amount in relation to the quantity of the good imported; perhaps the tariff might be a certain amount of dollars per bottle of wine or a certain amount of Euro per ton of steel. These types of tariffs...
This paper reports on the findings from a major international research project investigating the poverty impacts of a potential Doha Development Agenda DDA. It combines in a novel way the results from several strands of research. Intensive analysis of the DDA Framework Agreement pays particularly close attention to potential reforms...
The paper analyzes general equilibrium relationships between trade policy and the household distribution of income, decomposing social welfare into real income level and variance components and emphasizing Gini and Atkinson indexes. They embed these inequality-adjusted social welfare functions in a general equilibrium structure mapping from tariff protection to household inequality....
This paper considers the formation of trade policies when a domestic firm outsources the intermediate input from its foreign final good competitor. This paper considers three policy instruments when the intra-industry trade occurs: domestic specific subsidy on intermediate import, domestic specific tariff on final import, and foreign specific tariff on...
The authors have developed a model of consumer tariff choice and demand for Internet access under three-part tariff pricing. With three-part tariffs, the provider charges an access fee that includes a usage allowance and a per-unit price for usage in excess of the allowance. Such pricing is commonly found in...
The authors present a flexible model of monopoly nonlinear pricing with endogenous participation decisions of heterogeneous consumers. They make use of the moments that define the few self-selecting tariff options that are commonly used to implement the optimal nonlinear tariff to estimate how demand and cost variables affect the pricing...
We develop a model of trade in differentiated products with multi-product plants. The model predicts that plants in a smaller and less competitive market have shorter production runs and tend to be smaller and less productive than those in a larger market. Bilateral tariff reductions lead to a decline in...
The objective of the study presented in this paper was to examine tariffs levied on medicines. This paper provides data on the tariff rates levied and revenue generated by over 150 countries around the world on different categories of pharmaceutical products. These categories include active pharmaceutical ingredients, finished products and...
Traditional explanations for indirect trade carried out through an entrepot have focused on savings in transport costs and on the role of specialized agents in processing and distribution. This article provides an alternative perspective based on the possibility that entrepots may facilitate tariff evasion. The paper deals with a number...
This paper discusses the issue of how protection can affect the rate of growth for a small, open economy. In the presence of exogenously given factor accumulation, tariffs either raise or lower an economy's growth rate measured by the change in the value of output at world prices, relative to...
Despite the long relationship between the EU and the African, Caribbean and Pacific ACP countries aimed at encouraging their exports while stimulating growth and investment, the ACP states still face difficulties in integrating into the world economy. This paper examines the non-least developed ACP countries preferential trade with the EU....
