Aei-Brookings Joint Center

Allen Hammond is chief information officer and senior scientist for the World Resources Institute. Before joining WRI, he created the Research News section of the international journal Science and went on to found and edit several national publications, including Issues in Science and Technology, and the Information Please Environmental Almanac. Mr. Hammond has written or edited ten books, including his newest, Which World?: Scenarios for the 21st Century. Mr. Hammond has served as a consultant to the White House Science Office, to several U.S. federal agencies, to the United Nations, and to several private foundations.

Peter Swire is chief counselor for privacy in the Office of Management and Budget. He is currently on leave from Ohio State University, where he is a professor of law, and from his editorial position at Cyberspace Law Abstracts. He is author of numerous articles on privacy and other topics as well as co-author of None of Your Business: World Data Flows, Electronic Commerce, and the European Privacy Directive, published by the Brookings Institution in 1998. Mr. Swire's research focuses on privacy, cyberbanking, and electronic commerce.

Don Clay is vice president of environmental and regulatory affairs for the Koch Petroleum Group. Prior to joining Koch, Mr. Clay was president of Don Clay Associates, Inc., a public policy consulting firm devoted to solid and hazardous waste issues. From 1989 to 1993, he was the assistant administrator in the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response at the Environmental Protection Agency. During that time, he implemented reforms such as the Superfund Revitalization Initiative and Accelerated Cleanup Model and launched a series of initiatives under RCRA on corrective action and the definition of solid waste. Mr. Clay has also led the Office of Air and Radiation and acted as assistant administrator of Pesticides and Toxic Substances. Before joining the EPA, he held senior positions at the Consumer Product Safety Commission and the Food and Drug Administration, and in private industry.

Moler, 60, joined Exelon Corporation (formerly Unicom) in January 2000. She heads the company’s Washington, D.C. office, and serves as a member of Exelon’s strategy and policy committee. Moler is responsible for all aspects of Exelon’s federal government affairs initiatives. She is also responsible for Exelon’s corporate environmental, health, and safety initiatives, and leads Exelon’s wholesale market development team efforts. Moler had a long career in government service. She was a staff member on Capitol Hill for 20 years. She served as counsel and senior counsel for the United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources from 1976 to 1988 under Senators Henry M. (“Scoop”) Jackson and J. Bennett Johnston. In 1988, she was appointed by President Ronald Reagan, and confirmed by the United States Senate, to serve as a member of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). Presidents George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton reappointed her. In 1993, she was designated by President Clinton to serve as the Commission’s chair. Under her leadership FERC adopted a landmark initiative (Order Nos. 888 and 889) to require utilities to open their transmission lines on an equal access basis to their competitors, paving the way for robust wholesale competitive electricity markets. She continued to serve as the Commission’s chair until June 1997, when she was appointed by the President, and confirmed by the Senate, to serve as the Deputy Secretary of Energy. She resigned her duties in governmental service in October 1998. During 1999 she was a partner in the law firm of Vinson & Elkins and a member of the Unicom board of directors. Moler is a member of the District of Columbia Bar Association, American Bar Association and serves on the board of directors for the Henry M. Jackson Foundation. Moler has been a recipient of the National Energy Resources Organization Distinguished Service Award, the Energy Daily Annual Public Policy Leadership Award, and the Women’s Council on Energy and the Environment, Woman of the Year Award. She was recognized by The Hill newspaper as a “Top Corporate Lobbyist” in Washington in 2003, 2004, 2006 and 2007 and she is listed in the Who’s Who of American Women, Who’s Who in American Law and The Energy Who’s Who Directory. Moler received her bachelor’s degree in 1971 from The American University and Juris Doctor degree from The George Washington University in 1977. Moler also completed graduate study courses at Johns Hopkins University. Moler is married to Thomas B. Williams and has two children, Blake and Eleanor.

Jeffrey N. Shane is a partner at Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering, where his domestic and international transportation practice focuses on regulatory and transactional issues arising in aviation and aerospace. Before joining the firm, Mr. Shane was assistant secretary for policy and international affairs at the U.S. Department of Transportation and deputy assistant secretary of state for transportation affairs. He is currently chairman of the Commission on Air Transport of the International Chamber of Commerce, chairman of the Military Airlift Committee of the National Defense Transportation Association, and president of the International Aviation Club of Washington. Mr. Shane was an adjunct professor of law at Georgetown University.

Jean Tirole is the Scientific Director for the Institut d'Economie Industrielle, University of Social Sciences, Toulouse, President-elect of the European Economic Association and a Visiting Professor, CERAS, Paris and MIT Department of Economics. He has published over one hundred professional articles in economics and finance, as well as six books. His research covers industrial organization, regulation, game theory, banking and finance, and macroeconomics. He received a Doctorate Honoris Causa from the Free University in Brussels, the Yrjo Jahnsson Prize of the European Economic Association, and the Public Utility Research Center Distinguished Service Award. He has also been a Sloan Fellow and a Guggenheim Fellow.

Luke Froeb is the Director of the U.S. Economic Bureau of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). He previously taught at Tulane University and then worked as an economist in the Antitrust Division of the United States Department of Justice. He worked on price-fixing, bid-rigging and merger cases. Since 1993, he has taught Managerial Economics and Regulation and Antitrust in the MBA programs at Vanderbilt. Professor Froeb received his undergraduate degree from Stanford University and a PhD degree from the University of Wisconsin. He has published extensively on auctions, mergers, and econometrics.

Robert E. Litan is co-director of the AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies and director of the Economic Studies Program and Cabot Family Chair in Economics at the Brookings Institution. At Brookings he served as a senior fellow from 1984 to 1993 and as director of two research centers from 1987 to 1993. Mr. Litan has authored, co-authored, and edited numerous books and articles on government policies affecting financial institutions, regulatory and legal issues, international trade, and the economy in general. From 1995 to 1996, he was associate director of the Office of Management and Budget, and from 1993 to 1995 he served as deputy assistant attorney general, in charge of civil antitrust litigation and regulatory issues, at the Department of Justice. From 1977 to 1979, he was the regulatory and legal staff specialist at the President's Council of Economic Advisers. Mr. Litan has also consulted for numerous organizations, public and private, and testified as an expert witness in a variety of legal and regulatory proceedings.

Alfred E. Kahn is the Robert Julius Thorne Professor of Economics at Cornell University and a special consultant to the National Economic Research Associates. Formerly, Mr. Kahn served as adviser to President Carter on inflation, as chairman of the Council on Wage and Price Stability, as chairman of the Civil Aeronautics Board, and as chairman of the New York State Public Service Commission. Throughout his career, Mr. Kahn has served on a variety of public and private boards and commissions. He is the author of the classic Economics of Regulation (1970, 1971, 1988) and of Letting Go: Deregulating the Process of Deregulation (1998).

Cass R. Sunstein is the Karl N. Llewellyn Distinguished Service Professor of Jurisprudence in the School of Law and Department of Political Science at the University of Chicago. Mr. Sunstein is a former law clerk to Justice Thurgood Marshall and was the attorney-advisor in the Department of Justice. He is the author of many books, including After the Rights Revolution (1990), Democracy and the Problem of Free Speech (1993), and Free Markets and Social Justice (1997). His edited books include Administrative Law and Regulatory Policy (1998) (with Stephen Breyer, Richard Stewart, and Matthew Spitzer). He has testified before congressional committees on many topics in regulation and administrative law and has participated in constitution-making and law reform activities in many nations, including Russia, Ukraine, South Africa, Poland, and China.

Christopher DeMuth is president of the American Enterprise Institute. Before coming to AEI in 1986, he was managing director of Lexecon, Inc., an economics consulting firm, from 1984 to 1986; editor and publisher of Regulation magazine from 1986 to 1987; administrator for regulatory affairs at the U.S. Office of Management and Budget and executive director of the Presidential Task Force on Regulatory Relief in the Reagan administration from 1981 to 1984. Previously, he served as lecturer at the Kennedy School of Government and as director of the Harvard Faculty Project on Regulation and as a lawyer in private practice. His articles on government regulation and other subjects have appeared in the Public Interest, the Harvard Law Review, the Yale Journal on Regulation, the Wall Street Journal, Commentary, The American Enterprise, and elsewhere.

David Burk comes from Columbus , Ohio . He attended Stanford University . From 2001-2003, he was a missionary for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He is fond of dogs. He believes it is far too late in the history of the world for extreme subtlety.

David Sandalow is executive vice president of the World Wildlife Fund. Before joining the WWF, Mr. Sandalow served as assistant secretary of state for oceans, environment, and science; senior director for environmental affairs, National Security Council; associate director for the global environment, White House Council on Environmental Quality; and was with the Office of General Counsel at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. He has been a member of the American Bar Association Standing Committee on Environmental Law, cochair of the ABA's Annual Conference on Environmental Law, and a member of the Steering Committee of the District of Columbia Bar's Committee on Environmental and Natural Resources Law.

Deirdre Mulligan is staff counsel at the Center for Democracy and Technology (CDT), a non-profit, public interest organization dedicated to preserving and enhancing democratic values and civil liberties on the Internet and other interactive communications media. At CDT, Ms. Mulligan evaluates the impact of technology on individual privacy. She works with other privacy and civil liberties advocates, the communications and computer industries, and public policy makers to strengthen fair information practices and enhance individual control over personal information through the development of policies and technologies.

Donald J. Palmisano, MD, JD, FACS, is a New Orleans general and vascular surgeon with over 35 years of private practice experience. He serves as clinical professor of Surgery and clinical professor of Medical Jurisprudence at Tulane University School of Medicine as well as adjunct professor in the Department of Health Systems Management of the Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. Dr. Palmisano is president of Intrepid Resources , a medical risk management and patient safety company, was president of the Louisiana State Medical Society in 1984 85 and, from 1999 2003, was a member of the Board of Directors of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. He served as the president of the American Medical Association (2003 2004). He serves on the board of the National Patient Safety Foundation, has testified before Congress on numerous occasions, and is a frequent speaker who is widely quoted on medical liability reform and patient safety. His book on leadership is scheduled for publication in August of 2008 by Skyhorse Publishing Company.

Frederick M. Hess is resident scholar and director of Education Policy Studies at the American Enterprise Institute and executive editor of Education Next. He is known for his work on a diverse range of educational issues including urban education, accountability, charter schooling and school vouchers, teacher licensure, local governance, and school finance. Mr. Hess' books include Educational Entrepreneurship (Harvard Education Press 2006), No Child Left Behind: A Primer (Peter Lang 2006), Tough Love for Schools (AEI Press 2006), With the Best of Intentions (Harvard Education Press 2005), Urban School Reform (Harvard Education Press 2005), Leaving No Child Behind? (Palgrave Macmillan 2004), Common Sense School Reform (Palgrave Macmillan 2004), A Qualified Teacher in Every Classroom? (Harvard Education Press 2004), Revolution at the Margins (Brookings 2002), School Choice in the Real World (Westview 1999), Spinning Wheels (Brookings 1999), and Bringing the Social Sciences Alive (Allyn & Bacon 1999). He has also authored influential monographs including "Tear Down This Wall: The Case for a Radical Overhaul of Teacher Certification" (Progressive Policy Institute 2001), "A License to Lead? A New Leadership Agenda for America's Schools" (Progressive Policy Institute 2003), and "A Better Bargain: Overhauling Teacher Collective Bargaining for the 21st Century" (Harvard University 2006). Mr. Hess' work has appeared in numerous academic journals including Social Science Quarterly, American Politics Quarterly, Teachers College Record, Journal of Teacher Education, and Politics and Policy; general interest publications like National Review, Weekly Standard, Washington Post, and Boston Globe; and education-specific publications such as American School Board Journal, Phi Delta Kappan, Education Week, Trusteeship, and School Administrator. Mr. Hess is currently a faculty associate of the Harvard University Program on Education Policy and Governance and serves as Innovations Advisor for Harvard's Ash Institute. He is also on the Review Board for the Broad Prize in Urban Education and the Research Advisory Board for the National Center for Educational Accountability. From 2001-03, he served on the National Working Commission on Choice in K 12 Education, and he currently is a senior research associate for the School Choice Demonstration Project at Georgetown University. He speaks frequently at colleges and universities and in various other venues. Mr. Hess is a former public high school social studies teacher in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and is licensed to teach in Massachusetts and Louisiana. He holds an M.Ed. in Teaching and Curriculum and an M.A. and Ph.D. in Government from Harvard University. Prior to joining AEI, he taught education and politics at the University of Virginia and served as a senior fellow at the Progressive Policy Institute.

Iain Cockburn is Professor of Finance and Economics in the School of Management at Boston University, where he teaches and researches business strategy, intellectual property, economics of innovation, and management of high technology companies. Prior to coming to BU, he was the VanDusen Professor of Business Administration in the Faculty of Commerce at the University of British Columbia, where he was the winner of the "1997 MBA Teacher of the Year" Award. He is also a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts, a former Associate Editor of Management Science and is currently a Coeditor of the Journal of Economics and Management Strategy. Professor Cockburn has published widely in leading journals in economics and management. Among his most widely cited papers are "Measuring Competence: Exploring Firm Effects in Pharmaceutical Research" in Strategic Management Journal, "Generics and New Goods in Pharmaceutical Price Indexes" in American Economic Review, "Racing to Invest? The Dynamics of Competition in Ethical Drug Discovery" in the Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, and "Absorptive Capacity, Coauthoring Behavior, and the Organization of Research in Drug Discovery" in the Journal of Industrial Economics.

Jonathan Wiener is a professor at the Law School and the Nicholas School of the Environment at Duke University. In the spring of 1999 he was a visiting professor at Harvard Law School. Before joining the faculty at Duke in January 1994, Mr. Wiener served as a senior staff economist for environmental and regulatory issues at the Council of Economic Advisers from 1992 to 1993 and as the policy counsel of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy in 1992. Mr. Wiener also clerked for then-Judge Stephen G. Breyer on the U.S. Court of Appeals in Boston in 1988 and 1989 and for Chief Judge Jack B. Weinstein on the U.S. District Court in New York in 1987 and 1988. Mr. Wiener has written extensively on the subject of environmental law and risk management including Risk vs. Risk: Tradeoffs in Protecting Health and the Environment (1995) (with John D. Graham) and numerous articles.

Kenneth J. Arrow is the Joan Kenney Professor of Economics Emeritus at Stanford University. Professor ArrowA's honors include the 1972 Nobel Prize in Economics for pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory, and the 1957 John Bates Clark Medal of the American Economic Association. Arrow was a past president of the Econometric Society, the American Economic Association, the Institute of Management Sciences, the Western Economic Association, and the International Economic Association. His professional affiliations also include the National Academy of Sciences, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences. Professor Arrow is one of the most prominent economists of the twentieth century, making fundamental contributions to many fields including, general equilibrium theory, social welfare theory, and the theory of risk allocation.

Mark B. McClellan, Ph.D., M.D., M.P.A., is the Director of the Engelberg Center for Health Care Reform at the Brookings Institution, and has a long record of leading collaborative efforts to achieve transformational change in health care and health care delivery. He currently serves as Co-Chair of the Quality Alliance Steering Committee (QASC). He has previously served as the Administrator of the Center for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS), the Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Deputy Assistant Secretary, Treasury, and as member of the President's Council of Economic Advisers. Dr. McClellan is a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences, a Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research, and a Visiting Scholar at the American Enterprise Institute. A graduate of the University of Texas at Austin, Dr. McClellan earned his M.P.A. from Harvard's Kennedy School of Government in 1991, his M.D. from the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology in 1992, and his Ph.D. in economics from MIT in 1993. He completed his residency training in internal medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston. Dr. McClellan is board-certified in Internal Medicine.

Mark Lemley is the William H. Neukom Professor of Law at Stanford Law School, the Director of the Stanford Program in Law, Science and Technology, and the Director of Stanford's LLM Program in Law, Science and Technology. He teaches intellectual property, computer and Internet law, patent law, and antitrust. He is the author of six books (all but one in multiple editions) and 100 articles on these and related subjects, including the two-volume treatise IP and Antitrust. His works have been reprinted throughout the world, and translated into Chinese, Japanese, Spanish, and Italian. He has taught intellectual property law to federal and state judges at numerous Federal Judicial Center and ABA programs, has testified six times before Congress and numerous times before the California legislature, the Federal Trade Commission and the Antitrust Modernization Commission on patent, trade secret, antitrust and constitutional law matters, and has filed numerous amicus briefs before the U.S. Supreme Court, the California Supreme Court, and the federal circuit courts of appeals. He has been named California Lawyer's Attorney of the Year (2005), a Young Global Leader by the Davos World Economic Forum (2007), one of the top 50 litigators in the country under 45 by the American Lawyer (2007), one of the 100 most influential lawyers in the nation by the National Law Journal (2006), one of the top 25 intellectual property lawyers in California (2003) and one of the 100 most influential lawyers in California by the Daily Journal (2004, 2005 and 2006), and one of the 500 leading lawyers in the country by Lawdragon Magazine, among other honors. In 2002 he was chosen Boalt's Young Alumnus of the Year. Mark is a founding partner of Durie Tangri. He litigates and counsels clients in all areas of intellectual property, antitrust, and Internet law. He has argued six Federal appellate cases and numerous district court cases, and represented clients including Comcast, Genentech, Google, Grokster, Hummer Winblad, Intel, NetFlix, TiVo, and the University of Colorado Foundation in over sixty cases in nearly two decades as as lawyer. After graduating from law school, Mark clerked for Judge Dorothy Nelson on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, and has practiced law in Silicon Valley with Brown & Bain and with Fish & Richardson and in San Francisco with Keker & Van Nest. Until January 2000, he was the Marrs McLean Professor of Law at the University of Texas School of Law, and until June 2004 he was the Elizabeth Josslyn Boalt Professor of Law at the Boalt Hall School of Law, University of California at Berkeley.

Sally Hunt retired from National Economic Research Associates (NERA) where she was head of the U.S. Energy Practice, and is now a special consultant to NERA. She is the author of Making Competition Work in Electricity, a book explaining the technical and policy implications of competition in the electric industry. Ms. Hunt has served as corporate economist at Con Edison, deputy director of the New York City Energy Office and assistant administrator of the New York City EPA (under Mayor Lindsay). She also led a team of five NERA economists for six years, advising the Central Electric Generation Board and later National Power as the UK industry was restructured from a nationalized monopoly to a privatized, competitive industry. She then spent two years in California, working with Southern California Edison on multiple issues arising in the process of restructuring. Returning to New York, she worked with several U.S. companies (notably PSE&G in New Jersey, and Baltimore Gas and Electric) on the regulatory issues involved in direct access.

William W. Hogan is Lucius N. Littauer Professor of Public Policy and Administration at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University and research director of the Harvard Electricity Policy Group. Mr. Hogan has been a member of the faculty of Stanford University where he founded the Energy Modeling Forum and he is a past president of the International Association for Energy Economics. Currently he is a director of LECG, LLC. Mr. Hogan has been actively engaged in the design and improvement of competitive electricity markets in the U.S. and around the world. He has worked to design the market structures and market rules by which regional transmission organizations, in various forms, coordinate bid-based markets for energy, ancillary services, and transmission rights. In particular, Mr. Hogan is the principal architect of pricing and transmission rights systems based on locational marginal cost pricing (LMP), which efficiently price the effects of congestion. He pioneered the development of financial transmission rights (FTR) systems now in use in New York and in the Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland (PJM) area that allow market participants to hedge congestion costs.

Richard Waters is the West Coast Editor and is responsible for the West Coast coverage of the Financial Times and FT.com, as well as global coverage of the technology industry. Before moving to the West Coast, Waters was based in New York for nine years. His various roles there included heading the FT's coverage of Wall Street, as well as running its New York editorial bureau, a position in which he led its overall coverage of US business and finance. In his most recent job in New York he was the FT's first information industries editor, overseeing global coverage of technology, telecommunications and media. In 2003, Waters was short listed for the Business & Finance Reporter of the Year award at the British Press Awards. A financial journalist by training, Waters previously worked in London for the FT in a number of positions, including editor of international capital markets coverage, securities industry correspondent and accountancy and taxation correspondent. Before working for the FT, Waters worked for several financial magazines in London as reporter and editor. He also worked for two years at Lloyd's Bank International and lived in Chile, working as a teacher.