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- Outsourcing And Offshoring: Information Technology And Globalization
- Outsourcing and offshoring are words that describe how companies fragment the production process into globally sourced supply chains. Everybody have seen the globalization process unfold for autos, apparel, and electronics; now everybody is seeing global sourcing call centers, software, and finance. Outsourcing and offshoring raise questions of economic theory, business...
- White papers 2007-08-20
- The Effects of Loss Aversion on Trade Policy: Theory and Evidence
- In this paper the implications of loss aversion for trade policy determination and show how it allows explaining a number of important and puzzling features of trade policy. An important question concerning trade policy is why a disproportionate share of protection goes to declining industries. This paper shows that if...
- White papers 2006-01-23
- Regulatory Risk, Market Risk And Capital Structure: Evidence From U.S. Electric Utilities
- There is a sharp contrast when one compares firm leverage ratios between US and British electric utilities, which have both been deregulated in the past decade. In the US, leverage ratios have been declining while in the UK, they show a marked increase. To better understand the decline in leverage...
- White papers 2005-12-01
- America: A Promised Land? - Indentured Servants In The Colonial Chesapeake
- Indentured servitude had its antecedents in contemporary English practices. However, English customs and circumstance provided the worker more protection and choice. In England, constables held yearly "petty sessions" or "hiring fairs" for prospective servants to sign contracts with employers.6 Servants and masters travelled from the surrounding countryside at the same...
- White papers 2005-06-30
- Trade Taxes Are Expensive
- This paper examines the welfare implications of trade reforms in the presence of a government budget constraint. There is consensus about gains from opening up to trade. The less investigated question is, whether a coordinated tax reform, where the tariff revenue cuts are compensated with increases in distortionary domestic taxes,...
- White papers 2004-08-01
- Nondiscrimination and the WTO Agreement on Safeguards
- Most-favored-nation treatment, i.e., nondiscrimination among trading partners, is a fundamental principle of the GATT/WTO system. The WTO Agreement on Safeguards has thus been seen as encouraging use of a preferred form of contingent protection relative to antidumping and other inherently discriminatory measures. In practice, however, safeguard protection may also incorporate...
- White papers 2003-10-01
- The WTO Agreement on Safeguards: An Empirical Analysis of Discriminatory Impact
- The Uruguay Round Agreement on Safeguards represents an effort to improve the GATT safeguards SG process and thereby encourage countries to choose this option over antidumping and "Gray-area" measures such as bilaterally negotiated export restraints. This paper offers a first detailed analysis of the way safeguards initiated under the agreement...
- White papers 2003-10-01
- Developing Countries as Plaintiffs and Defendants in GATT/WTO Trade Disputes
- Developing countries have been increasing their participation in the formal institutions and proceedings of the multilateral trading system. A prominent example is their more frequent involvement as defendants and plaintiffs in GATT/WTO trade disputes. This paper provides an initial economic appraisal of developing country performance in the GATT/WTO dispute settlement...
- White papers 2003-06-01
- Trade Policy Under the GATT/WTO: Empirical Evidence of the Equal Treatment Rule
- A fundamental difference between multilateral trade agreements like the GATT and WTO and preferential trade agreements is the multilateral agreements' inclusion of a most-favored-nation MFN principle. Though this principle requires that members implement policies that provide equal treatment to all GATT/WTO countries, an open question is the extent to which...
- White papers 2003-06-01
- On the Economic Success of GATT/WTO Dispute Settlement
- What features of the dispute settlement process help governments live up to their trade liberalization commitments? Exploiting data on GATT/WTO trade disputes initiated and completed between 1973 and 1998, this paper identifies economic and institutional determinants that help defendant governments commit to liberalizing trade. This paper finds substantial evidence consistent...
- White papers 2003-01-01
- The Economics of Trade Disputes, the GATT's Article XXIII, and the WTO's Dispute Settlement Understanding
- Economic theory has yet to provide a convincing argument that can explain why the threat of retaliation under the GATT/WTO dispute settlement procedures is not sufficient to prevent countries from violating the agreement. This paper considers the question of why countries violate the agreed-upon rules in the face of explicit...
- White papers 2002-01-01
- Why Are Safeguards Under the WTO so Unpopular?
- In recent years, more countries have increasingly turned to explicit, codified trade policy instruments of the international trading system such as antidumping measures. Countries have also increasingly participated in the institutions established to facilitate trade in the international system, such as the WTO's Dispute Settlement Understanding. Given these phenomena, a...
- White papers 2001-11-01
- The Economics of Prescription Drug Pricing
- A complex mix of government regulation and market competition characterizes the economics of prescription drug pricing. This paper provides background information necessary to understand this dynamic and evaluate potential change. It examines prescription drug price trends over time. Increasing growth is attributed to development and marketing of new products and...
- White papers 2001-03-28
- Globalization: Historical Perspective and Prospects
- Globalization today confronts a second threat with no close historical parallel. This concerns the setting of social standards and is perceived as an issue of national sovereignty. Although nations remain free to set any standard desired by domestic residents, globalization raises the cost of maintaining higher standards than those adopted...
- White papers 2001-01-01
Additional Resources
- The Einstein of parrots was a feather in researcher's cap
- WALTHAM, Mass. -- Griffin seems depressed. He's less talkative than usual and has lost some interest in learning. Given the death of his roommate, it might not take a psychologist to diagnose depression. Except Griffin, who lives in a psychology-department lab at Brandeis University, is an African gray parrot. ...
- Articles 2008-05-13
- Converted Organics Announces Sales Force Expansion to Meet Industry Demand
- BOSTON -- Converted Organics Inc. (NASDAQ:COIN) announced today that, in order to meet growing market demand for its all-natural, organic fertilizer and soil amendment products, the company has appointed two additional people to its sales team. The additions bring the total number of Converted Organics sales representatives to six. ...
- Articles 2008-05-13
- Krister Stendahl
- The dean of Harvard Divinity School from 1968 to 1979, credited with opening the school to women and African-Americans, Krister Stendahl, died April 15. He was 86. An ordained Lutheran minister born in Sweden, Stendahl was elected bishop of Sweden in the 1980s, where he led reform efforts on women's...
- Articles 2008-05-02
- Human rights and social justice; action and service for the helping and health professions
- Human rights and social justice; action and service for the helping and health professions. Wronka, Joseph. Sage Publications 2008 335 pages $69.95 Hardcover HV41 Wronka, currently professor of social work, Springfield College Massachusetts and...
- Articles 2008-05-01
- Inland Empire's Top 10 Female Leaders Announced
- Girl Scouts of San Gorgonio Council GSSGCnamed the top 10 female leaders in San Bernardino and Riverside countiesthis week. Honorees for the 2008 Women of Distinction program include thefollowing: Honoree ...
- Articles 2008-04-01
- A technology breakthrough by the nutrition scientists at Brandeis University has enabled Smart Balance Inc., Paramus, N.J., to develop milk products that deliver 166% of the daily value of vitamin E in each serving with up to three times better absorption into the bloodstream
- A technology breakthrough by the nutrition scientists at Brandeis University has enabled Smart Balance Inc., Paramus, N.J., to develop milk products that deliver 166% of the daily value of vitamin E in each serving with up to three times better absorption into the bloodstream. The new Smart Balance Milk, which...
- Articles 2008-03-01
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