Dreyfus Corp.

Irene Arnold Waddill joined the board in 2007. She has been an Alliance volunteer since 2004, working on a number of committees for the Annual Benefit Luncheon. Irene, her husband and two sons have lived in Rye , New York since 1993. With a BA in business, Irene had an earlier career in finance. She was most recently a Vice President at Bank of America in Charlotte , NC . Before that she worked at Manufacturers Hanover Trust in New York after starting her career with Dreyfus Corporation. She is a past board member of the Crisis Assistance Ministry in Charlotte , NC ; the Pucci Plus Modern Dance Company in New York ; the Board of Deacons at Rye Presbyterian Church and the 37 th TWIG Organization in Rye . Currently, she is a committee member of the Brunswick Parents Association and is the Spring Benefit Co-Chair. She is also on the board of the Carver Center in Port Chester, NY.

J. CHARLES CARDONA is a 24-year Dreyfus veteran. Currently, Mr. Cardona is a Vice Chair and a Director of The Dreyfus Corporation. Mr. Cardona is responsible for overseeing all client relationships at Dreyfus, including strategic account sales. Mr. Cardona is a member of The Dreyfus Management Committee and the Corporation's Operating Committee which sets strategic direction for the firm. Prior to becoming Vice Chair, Mr. Cardona served as Executive Vice President and National Sales Manager for the Institutional Services Division. He joined the Institutional Services Division in 1985 with management responsibility for all Institutional Operations and Client Service units which he continues to oversee as part of his current responsibilities. Prior to joining the Institutional Services Division, Mr. Cardona served as Assistant Director of Sales and Services in the Dreyfus Retail Division which he joined in 1981. Prior to joining Dreyfus, Mr. Cardona spent three years as an Account Manager with Bradford Trust Co., responsible for providing syndicate credit for municipal bond underwritings. Mr. Cardona is a graduate of Manhattan College with a bachelor's degree in business administration. STEPHEN CASPER is President and Chief Executive Officer of Fischer Francis Trees & Watts, Inc. (FFTW), and has over 20 years of experience in the investment business in the areas of asset management, business development and client service. Mr. Casper joined FFTW in 1990 as Chief Financial Officer. His responsibilities increased over time to encompass global management of the firm's finance, operations, administration, human resources and technology functions, leading to his appointment as Chief Operating Officer in May 2001. In 2003, he also took on global management of the Client Service and Business Development team and became responsible for product development in the areas of alternative investments, structured products and other commingled vehicles. Before coming to FFTW, Mr. Casper worked for six years with the Rockefeller Family Office, where he was Treasurer. His duties there included managing all investment operations functions and developing commingled investment vehicles, in addition to managing the finance and accounting functions for Rockefeller family members and related institutions. Earlier in his career, Mr. Casper was a sector controller with the Primerica Corporation responsible for the financial control and strategic planning of a group of specialty retailing subsidiaries. Mr. Casper is the President and Director of FFTW Funds, Inc. He also serves on the board of MarketAxess Holdings, Inc. as both Director and Chairman of the Audit Committee and is a member of the Investment Committee of the Brooklyn Museum of Art. He is also a Certified Public Accountant. ART CERTOSIMO is Executive Vice President of Broker-Dealer Services for The Bank of New York. Mr. Certosimo manages the Company's broker-dealer services business, which delivers collateral management and securities clearance services to financial institutions and corporations worldwide. In this capacity, Mr. Certosimo oversees all client services, product management, sales, operations and technology activities on a global basis. Before joining The Bank of New York in his current capacity in 1998, Mr. Certosimo was a principal of Morgan Stanley Asset Management (MSAM), where he managed customer information services worldwide. This division included all client service administration, marketing activities, and the performance/analytics services group. Prior to this, he was a Vice President at The Chase Manhattan Bank's Global Investor Services group, where he established and managed the global customer service organization and was responsible for delivering all clients service, operations, performance measurement and consulting services to Chase's institutional clients worldwide. Mr. Certosimo serves as Vice Chairman and is a member of the Board of Directors of Promontory...