In order to achieve its main goal of maximal tumor removal while avoiding postoperative neurologic deficits, neuro-oncological surgery is strongly dependent on image guidance. Among all currently available imaging modalities, MRI provides the best anatomic detail and is highly sensitive for intracranial pathology. However, conventional MRI does not detect the...
3D freehand ultrasound imaging is becoming a widespread technique in medical examinations. This imaging technique produces a set of irregularly spaced B-scans. Reconstructing a regular grid from these B-scans is a challenging problem that enables the visualization and further analysis of the acquired data. This paper focuses on extending an...
This paper proposes a novel bias correction method for magnetic resonance MR imaging that uses complementary body coil and surface coil images. The former are spatially homogeneous but have low signal intensity; the latter provide excellent signal response but have large bias fields. They present a variational framework where they...
Magnetic resonance imaging MRI has been used as a research tool in evaluation of the female pelvic floor for over a decade. Early studies were limited because of poor resolution and long scan times, which prohibited evaluation of pelvic floor descent. During the past few years, the advent of surface...
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that affects nearly 1% of the general population and has long been a challenge for both clinicians and researchers in terms of treatment and etiology. More recently, evidence has amassed that suggests that schizophrenia is a brain disorder, and that some aspects of this...
Small bowel MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a new imaging modality which excellently depicts small intestine pathology in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Virtual endoscopy based on sectional imaging is a recently introduced technique to create endoscopy like views. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of...
Magnetic resonance MR imaging has opened up new avenues of diagnosis and treatment that were not previously available. There are a number of artifacts which can arise in the MR imaging process and make subsequent analysis more challenging. Probably the most drastic visual effect is the intensity in homogeneity caused...
Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging DTI is a new technique that can be used to visualize and measure the diffusion of water in brain tissue; it is particularly useful for evaluating white matter abnormalities. In this paper, they review research studies that have applied DTI for the purpose of understanding...
High spatial resolution imaging of the petrous bone can significantly aid in the depiction of this complex structure's anatomy and pathology, and can assist in surgical planning. In this study we developed a 3D fast-spin-echo MR imaging sequence that can obtain images with a voxel size of 0.4 x 0.4...
Line scan diffusion tensor images were obtained in excised human adult spinal cord. The diffusion tensor eigenvalues (11, h2, and h3) and the in-plane angle of the second eigenvector was measured. After the imaging experiments, corresponding histology sections were stained with silver to visualize the collateral nerve fibers and to...
Disruptions in connectivity between the frontal and temporal lobes may explain some of the symptoms observed in schizophrenia. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging MRI studies, however, have not shown compelling evidence for white matter abnormalities, because white matter fiber tracts cannot be visualized by conventional MRI. Diffusion tensor imaging is a...
The purpose of this paper was to obtain detailed white matter fiber tract anatomy of the whole brain with a diffusion tensor imaging technique that yields minimal distortion artifacts near large bone structures and air cavities as well as unprecedented high spatial resolution. To attain this goal, they employed line...
Image registration is the process of establishing a common geometric reference frame between two or more data sets from the same or different imaging modalities possibly taken at different times. In the context of medical imaging and in particular image guided therapy, the registration problem consists of finding automated methods...
The aim of this paper was to identify imaging markers for genuine stress incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse by using magnetic resonance imaging and reconstructed 3-dimensional models. Both 2-dimensional magnetic resonance images and 3-dimensional models yield findings that differ among asymptomatic subjects compared with those with genuine stress incontinence and...
The major shortcoming of image-guided navigational systems is the use of pre-surgically acquired image data, which does not account for intraoperative changes in brain morphology. The occurrence of these surgically induced volumetric deformations, or "brain shift", has been well established. Maximum measurements for surface and midline shifts were reported. There...
This paper provides details by assessing ten prenatal magnetic resonance imaging MRI scans for fetal brain anomalies, and identified eight that were suitable for post-processing. Anatomical abnormalities were assessed on the three-dimensional (3D) models and compared with two-dimensional (2D) imaging findings. It calculated the volume of the intracranial ventricles and...
Magnetic resonance imaging MRI is the optimal imaging modality for neurosurgical applications due to its ability to elucidate central nervous system anatomy and pathology. Stereotactic systems employing MRI have enhanced the surgeon's ability to safely and efficaciously operate. A next step in the evolution of neurosurgery is to update the...
Computer-assisted 3-dimensional planning, navigation and the possibilities of intraoperative imaging updates have made a large impact on neurological surgery. 3-dimensional rendering of complex medical imaging data, as well as co-registration of multimodal structural images and functional data has reached a highly sophisticated level. When introduced into surgical navigation however, this...
Powerful computer systems are about to revolutionize several areas of modern medicine. The most famous example is probably neurosurgery, where sophisticated computer algorithms are combined with modern imaging modalities and interventional scanners to enable very reliable surgery in delicate anatomical positions. So far, these high-tech setups are reserved to a...
Intraoperative imaging is used more frequently today since this enables the surgeon to localize structures inside the brain more accurately and helps to detect shape changes. In order to combine information's derived at different time points, it describes a nonrigid registration algorithm that aligns MR scans of the brain. Based...
