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The Relative Price And Relative Productivity Channels For Aggregate Fluctuations
This paper demonstrates that sectoral heterogeneity itself - without any additional bells or whistles - has first-order implications for the transmission of aggregate shocks to aggregate variables in an otherwise standard DSGE Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model. The effects of sectoral heterogeneity on this transmission are decomposed into two channels:...
Asset Price Declines and Real Estate Market Illiquidity: Evidence From Japanese Land Values
This paper examines the pattern of price depreciation in Japanese land values subsequent to the 1990 stock market crash. The Japanese case is of particular interest because of the size of the shock experienced by real estate markets. As the paper shows below, all Japanese land values fell substantially subsequent...
Consumer Sentiment, the Economy, and the News Media
The news media affects consumers' perceptions of the economy through three channels. First, the news media conveys the latest economic data and the opinions of professionals to consumers. Second, consumers receive a signal about the economy through the tone and volume of economic reporting. Last, the greater the volume of...
Using Securities Market Information for Bank Supervisory Monitoring
Bank supervisors in the United States conduct comprehensive on-site inspections of bank holding companies BHCs and assign them a supervisory rating meant to summarize their overall condition. This paper develops an empirical forecasting model of these ratings that combines supervisory and securities market data. The paper finds that securities market...
The Boom And Bust In Information Technology Investment
The growth rate of business investment in information technology boomed in the 1990s and 2000 before plunging in 2001. This boom and bust raises some natural questions: what were the reasons for the accentuated swings in growth rates, and, more importantly, what do those reasons portend for the future of...
Banking Markets in the Twelfth Federal Reserve District
The policy of the Economic Research Department of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Research is that the banking markets relevant to any proposed banking transaction are best defined with regard to the specifics of that proposal. Accordingly, Research does not maintain a comprehensive list of predefined banking markets...
Does Regional Economic Performance Affect Bank Conditions? New Analysis of an Old Question
The idea that regional economic performance affects bank health is intuitive and broadly consistent with the aggregate banking data. That said micro-level research on this relationship provides a mixed picture of the importance, size, and timing of regional variables for bank performance. This paper helps in reconciling the heterogeneous findings...
Frauds and Scams: Protect Yourself and Your Money
Everyone is subject to fraudulent schemes and con games. Older people in particular seem to be frequently targeted, perhaps because as a group they tend to be more trusting of others and assume the same sincerity in return. This document describes some typical financial frauds and scams and suggests how...
Plastic Fraud - Getting a Handle on Debit and Credit Cards
State-of-the-art thieves are concentrating on plastic cards. In the past, this type of fraud was not very common. Today, it is a big business for criminals. Plastic cards bring new convenience to your shopping and banking, but they can turn into nightmares in the wrong hands. This article describes credit...
Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI): New Law Requires Lenders to Cancel PMI
PMI is extra insurance that lenders require from most homebuyers who obtain loans that are more than 80 percent of their new home's value. In other words, buyers with less than a 20 percent down payment are normally required to pay PMI. This article states that every homeowner will want...
How Might Financial Market Information Be Used for Supervisory Purpose
This paper addresses three public policy questions related to how supervisors might use this financial market information. To address the first question, the paper summarizes the academic literature on the topic and presents empirical results using BHC stock returns and bond spreads. It addresses the second question by using forecasts...
Financial Intermediation, Agency and Collateral and the Dynamics of Banking Crises: Theory and Evidence for the Japanese Banking Crisis
This paper outlines a model of an endogenously evolving banking crisis in a growing economy subject to either idiosyncratic or systemic productivity shocks. In this model, the banking crisis arises progressively as banks renegotiate loans to insolvent enterprises. A study explains how deposit insurance schemes, under which banks are not...
Trends in the Concentration of Bank Deposits: The Northwest
Two major trends affecting the structure of the banking industry since the mid-1980s have been tremendous consolidation and the liberalization of interstate banking. Consolidation has unambiguously increased concentration at the national level. The effects on concentration in smaller geographic areas are more complicated. This article looks at how bank consolidation...
The Disposition of Failed Japanese Bank Assets: Lessons From the U.S. Savings and Loan Crisis
This paper reviews the Japanese experience with "put guarantees'' offered in the sale of several failed banks. These guarantees, meant to address information asymmetry problems, are shown to create moral hazard problems of their own. These issues also arose in the U.S. savings and loan crisis. Regulators in that crisis...
Banks, Bonds, and the Liquidity Effect
An "easing" of monetary policy can be characterized by an expansion of bank reserves and a persistent decline in the federal funds rate that, with a considerable lag, induces a pickup in employment, output, and prices. This article presents empirical evidence consistent with this depiction of the dynamic response of...
What Is Operational Risk?
Operational risk can be defined as the risk of monetary losses resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people, and systems or from external events. Such risk is intrinsic to financial institutions and thus should be an important component of their firm-wide risk management systems. However, operational risk is harder...
The Card You Pick Can Save You Money
Smart consumers comparison-shop for credit, whether they are looking for a mortgage, an auto loan, or a credit card. Comparison-shopping is important because it could save money. This article advises to consider the costs and terms while looking for a credit card. They can make a difference in how much...
Asian Finance and the Role of Bankruptcy
The degree to which bankruptcy is permitted to play a role in the allocation of capital is a key distinction between the Asian state-directed financial regime and the western market-directed version. The paper discusses the two approaches to finance and argues that a major problem with the bank-finance model used...
The Federal Reserve Bank's Imputed Cost of Equity Capital
This paper proposes a new approach for calculating the cost of equity capital used in the PSAF. The proposed approach is based on a simple average of three methods as applied to a peer group of bank holding companies. The three methods estimate the cost of equity capital from three...
A Gravity Model Of Sovereign Lending : Trade, Default And Credit
One reason why countries service their external debts is the fear that default might lead to shrinkage of international trade. If so, then creditors should systematically lend more to countries with which they share closer trade links. Article discusses a simple theoretical model to capture this intuition,...
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Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Dist. No. 12 participates in a variety of sevices and operations. Functions include: formulating and conducting monetary policy; participating actively in the payments mechanism; fiscal agency functions for the U.S. Treasury and certain federal agencies; serving as the federal government's bank; providing short-term loans to depository institutions; providing educational materials and information regarding consumer laws; supervising bank holding companies and state member banks; and administering other regulations of the Board of Governors. As of Dec 31 2005, Co. had total assets of $100,629,000,000 and total deposits of $2,157,000,000.
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Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Company Info
Board of Directors
George M. Scalise
Chmn.
Sheila D. Harris
Dep. Chmn.
Richard W. Decker Jr.
Jay T. Harris
Richard C. Hartnack
Jack McNally
David K.Y. Tang
Candace H. Wiest
Barbara L. Wilson
Contact Information
101 Market St.
San Francisco, CA
415 974-2000
