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- Anti-Backward Rotation Strategies for Series Fan Powered Terminals
- Series Fan Powered Boxes have been in common use for nearly 20 years. Developed initially as a solution for heating perimeter zones, they have developed into a solution for all spaces, providing relatively constant airflow to a space, and having a consistent acoustical signature. The major problem recognized with the...
- White papers 2002-07-18
- Three Tap/SCR Controlled Motors in Fan Powered Terminal Units
- This report provides information concerning the use of multiple tap motors in fan terminal units. Across the country there have been some serious problems with terminal units equipped with three tap motors and SCR speed controllers, causing the fan terminal units in general to be condemned as a 'bad design'.
- White papers 2001-09-24
- Those Who Forget the Past
- As the engineering community designs building HVAC systems, it is assumed that they are employing the lessons of experience and good science. It has become apparent that much of the knowledge, which has been accumulated at great expense and often from painful experience, is not being used. Keeping abreast of...
- White papers 2002-05-14
- Krueger Total Air Diffuser Vs. Flush Face Radial Flow Diffusers
- The proven Total Air Diffuser offers the least compromise, most stable air delivery, and lowest entrained contaminants of any design of radial flow diffusers, assuring optimal performance of laboratories with VAV hoods and other critical environments, and minimum contamination of the areas served by the diffuser. It allows the greatest...
- White papers 2002-05-15
- Oversizing Terminal Unit Products
- Over-sizing of terminal unit products is a very critical issue. Terminal units should be sized to perform at as close to their maximum capacity as possible. The idea of over-sizing the terminal unit for benefit of reduced noise and/or pressure drop is not a wise decision in a properly designed...
- White papers 2001-10-24
- HVAC Acoustical Application Guidelines
- This article summarizes that the prediction of sound levels in a space, which are the result of HVAC system component sound generation, can be made with greater accuracy than ever before. The latest ARI 885 Standard available at no charge from the ARI web site has been shown to yield...
- White papers 2002-04-06
- ECM Motors in Series Flow Fan Powered Terminals and Unit Ventilators
- ECM motors offer the potential for both energy savings and indoor environmental improvements. The features of this technology have yet to be fully implemented, but promise to provide both building owners and occupants improved environments and economic advantages. The benefits of using an ECM motor in fan-powered terminal units and...
- White papers 2000-07-07
- Double Wall VAV Box Issues
- Double wall construction is often specified for air handlers, where moisture is often present in the areas near the cooling coils, surface temperatures may be near to wet bulb air temperatures, moist outside air may be present and there is a requirement to enter the unit for cleaning. In a...
- White papers 2002-04-25
- By-Pass Air Terminals
- When designing small jobs, an engineer will often specify a constant volume air handler, and then include in the design one or more VAV zone controls. To keep the air handler satisfied, he will specify pressure dependent bypass terminals. These units, when properly designed, installed, and maintained can work fine....
- White papers 2002-01-01
- Avoiding Sick Buildings While Assuring Occupant Productivity and Building Optimization
- Cost savings measures have resulted in severe building problems, including deaths due to Legionnaire's disease, and often energy consumption increases. Buildings that do not meet the needs of the occupants often result in expensive redesign or worse, result in lawsuits against all parties involved. Recent court cases make it imperative...
- White papers 2002-05-29
- VAV Box: Airflow Measurements
- The control of air flow rate in VAV systems is important for several reasons, including acoustics, ventilation, energy management and occupant comfort. Most VAV terminals today are supplied with pressure independent controllers of some type (pneumatic, analog electronic and digital electronic), and all require an inlet flow sensor supplied by...
- White papers 2003-04-17
- Acoustical Specifications for VAV Terminals
- With the release of Appendix-E to ARI 885-98 ('Procedure for Estimating Occupied Space Sound Levels in the Application of Air Terminals and Air Outlets'), ARI is now requiring that manufacturers who show calculated NC values use the tables in the appendix to perform those calculations. ARI Standard 885-98 provides the...
- White papers 2003-09-30
- Krueger Radial Flow Diffusers
- The Patented Krueger Total Air Diffuser was offered to the market in 1985. At the time, it offered a radical solution to the problem of supplying air at relatively high quantities with minimal induction, a characteristic desired for many specialized applications. The proven TAD offers the least compromise, most stable...
- White papers 2003-12-05
- LineaHeat Digital Heater Control
- In order to provide comfort, indoor air quality through proper ventilation, and energy savings, the discharge temperature and the airflow rate of a VAV zone controller must both be managed. If the discharge temperature is too high and the velocity too low hot air will stratify at the ceiling. Worse,...
- White papers 2004-09-14
- Continuous Duct Applications
- With the introduction of the DMG Duct Mounted Grille questions are arising regarding optimal applications of a series of grilles, registers or diffusers located along a length of duct. This document concludes that maintaining a constant diameter as large as practical will result in the optimum application of grilles and...
- White papers 2002-09-01
- The Myth of Certified Induction Ratios
- Over the past 30 years, we have seen several manufacturers claim the performance of their diffuser is superior to others because of their "higher induction ratios". Then they claim a value for that induction ratio. This document states that the above claim is a non-verifiable one and it should not...
- White papers 2004-08-17
- The Myth of Special High Induction Diffusers
- The use of the Air Diffusion Performance Index APDI of an installed diffuser is a proven method of designing overhead cooling systems. In the mid 90's, the Electric Power Research Institute EPRI commissioned a study of diffusers for use with cold air. The thought was that with air cooler than...
- White papers 2004-02-27
- Diffuser and Grille Area Factors
- For many years, manufacturers published "area factors" for balancing purposes. These Ak factors are determined by measurement of indicated air velocities and measured air quantities, and can be used to balance HVAC systems. The Ak value is reported as a constant, reflecting the ratio of sensed discharge velocity to the...
- White papers 2004-07-15
- VAV Box Reheat Selection
- VAV terminals provide a measured quantity of conditioned air to a space, in response to a control signal from a thermostat or room sensor. This air may be tempered with a reheat coil, plenum air, or both. The means and selection of parameters for this reheat leads to much of...
- White papers 2003-11-18
Additional Resources
- Panasonic.(appoints Jeff Krueger)(Brief Article)
- Panasonic appointed Jeff Krueger as national accounts manager, hospitality division, commercial and ... Panasonic appointed Jeff Krueger as national accounts manager, hospitality division, commercial and residential products group. Krueger was previously national accounts manager for Zenith Electronics Corporation.
- Research articles 2001-08-01
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