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- Dystor Installation Increases Gas Storage Capacity, Resulting in Significant Cost Savings for the City of Eau Claire, WI.
- The Eau Claire, WI. facility's secondary digester cover failed to provide adequate gas storage to allow use of the facility's cogeneration facility for the five years since installation. The city requested USFilter Envirex Products to remove and replace the existing ballasted fiberglass cover with a Dystor membrane gas holder system....
- Case studies
- Glycerol Derivatives of Cutin and Suberin Monomers: Synthesis and Self-Assembly
- Glycerol derivatives of cutin and suberin monomers were synthesized by acid catalysis. Their dispersion in an aqueous solution was examined by phase contrast microscopy, neutron scattering, and solid state NMR. It is shown that the phase behavior strongly depends on the nature of the derivatives forming either lumps of aggregated...
- White papers 2004-12-18
- Membrane Reactors: Key Technology for Production of De-Carbonized Energy Carriers
- Pre-Combustion De-Carbonization PCDC has been identified as promising concept to capture CO2 in power generation systems. Membrane reactors are expected to play a key role in the development in novel PCDC schemes, next to gas turbines and fuel cells. This paper focuses on the application of membrane reactors with hydrogen...
- White papers 2004-12-01
- Palladium Alloy Membranes for Energy Efficient Membrane Reactors
- This paper gives ECN's vision of hydrogen separation membranes which plays a key role in future power production systems and industrial chemical production processes. The driving force for the application of these membranes is that during reaction favorable thermodynamics can be utilized to increase the efficiency while elegantly CO2 can...
- White papers 2004-10-01
- Membranes for Hydrogen Production With CO2 Capture
- Hydrogen membrane reactors have been identified as a promising option for power production with CO2 capture. Hydrogen selective Pd/Ag membranes are expected to play a key role in the development of more advanced process schemes for Pre-Combustion De-Carbonization. This paper gives an overview of the results and current status of...
- White papers 2004-10-01
- Methanol Separation From Organics by Pervaporation With Modified Silica Membranes
- This paper measures results for the separation of methanol from THF, toluene, MTBE and several alcohols will be presented and the technical and economic potential of the new pervaporation membranes will be evaluated and compared with conventional distillation based processes by chemical engineering and flow sheeting (ASPEN+) calculations. The aim...
- White papers 2004-05-01
- Seawater RO Plant Operation and Maintenance Experience: Addur Desalination Plant Operation Assessment
- The paper reveals that the drastic production loss, ever increasing heavy chemical cleaning programs, fouling of RO membranes and subsequent replacement within a short period of commissioning mystified the desalination world and drew the attention of experts in this field. Ultrafiltration membrane technology emerged as the best viable alternative and...
- White papers 2004-03-29
- Electro-Transport of Protons, Alkali Metal Cations and Solvent Molecules Through a Commercial Cation-Exchange Membrane Conditioned With Aqueous and Organic Solutions
- Transport competition between the protons and the alkyl metal cations Li+, Na+, K+ and Cs+ across a cation exchange membrane CEM, called CMH, was studied in terms of an electro dialysis process with three different configurations: water/water (W/W), solvent/water (S/W) and solvent/solvent (S/S). The electro-transport of solvent molecules through the...
- White papers 2004-03-19
- Autopsy and Failure Analysis of Ultra Filtration Membranes From a Waste-Water Treatment System
- Two hollow-fiber ultrafiltration membrane modules of the waste-water treatment facilities of a cosmetics company were analyzed to investigate the causes of membrane damage and rapid fouling of the membranes. This autopsy consisted of visual inspection of the membranes and the module, a bubble-point leak test, tensile strength tests and characterization...
- White papers 2004-03-16
- Membranes for Hydrogen Production
- This paper presents an overview of results of membrane and system development on hydrogen production system is presented. A sustainable use of fossils fuels in the future will undoubtedly make use of concepts where the energy content of the fossils fuel is transferred to hydrogen. In ECN's vision membranes can...
- White papers 2004-03-01
- Optimized Nanofiltration Membranes: Relevance to Economic Assessment and Process Performance
- This paper presents the implications of the so-called optimized NF membrane properties on the economic assessment as well as the process performance of NF membrane system which is also discussed. The predictive model for NF membranes such as the Donnan steric-pore model has been used in conjunction with an economic...
- White papers 2004-03-01
- Water Desalination Using Ceramic Membrane Distillation
- In order to avoid hydrophilic behavior of ceramic membranes prepared with metal oxides, alumina and zirconia membranes with 200 and 50 nm pore diameters were grafted with fluoro alkylsilanes. The grafting was controlled by TGA, and the hydrophobicity was characterized by water contact angle and permeability measurements. Results show that...
- White papers 2004-02-25
- Development of a Highly Hydrophilic Nanofiltration Membrane for Desalination and Water Treatment
- Thin film composite TFC co-polyamide membranes were modified by adding carboxyl group to the polypiperaziamide backbone. The sodium chloride, sodium sulphate, magnesium chloride and magnesium sulphate rejections were measured at various feed pressures for the modified and unmodified membranes. The pure water permeability was improved as much as 20% for...
- White papers 2004-02-24
- Potential Use of Nanofiltration Membranes in Treatment of Industrial Wastewater From Ni-P Electroless Plating
- Nanofiltration NF membranes are a relatively new class of membranes which have properties in between those of ultrafiltration UF membranes and reverse-osmosis RO ones. Their separation mechanisms involve both steric sieving effects and electrical Donnan effects. The significance of this membrane, besides having small pores is the membrane's surface charges,...
- White papers 2004-02-20
- Sulfonated Polyethersulfone Membranes in the Desalination of Aqueous Solutions
- The behavior of sulfonated polyethersulfone membranes in the reverse osmosis treatment of aqueous solutions containing ammonium, cyanide and sulphate ions is described in this paper. Experimental tests were performed in an INDEVEN planar membrane test module, which provides data concerning the behavior of the membrane in cross flow conditions with...
- White papers 2004-02-20
- Inorganic Membranes Made of Sintered Clay for the Treatment of Biologically Modified Water
- The paper work aims to describe and characterize inorganic membranes at low cost and to study their performance through a fermentation-cross flow micro filtration MF coupling process. New mineral membranes were created from sintered clay in which a certain quantity of coal was added to the mixture before the sintering...
- White papers 2004-02-20
- Reduction of Sodium and Chloride Ion Content in Aqueous Solutions by Bulk Liquid Membranes: A Kinetic Approach
- A kinetic study of the facilitated transport of sodium and chloride ions through bulk liquid membranes containing, respectively, di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid and tri-n octylmethyl ammonium hydroxide, as carriers, and using, respectively, hydrogen and hydroxyl ions as counter-ions in the product phase, is described. The transport kinetic was analyzed by...
- White papers 2004-02-20
- The Use of Ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration Membranes in the Treatment of Metal-Working Fluids
- Membrane filtration is used for separating oil from water and treating waste metal-working fluids. This work presents two different filtration systems and investigates the possibility of reusing their permeates. The first system consists of an ultrafiltration membrane UF followed by a nanofiltration membrane NF. The second system consists of direct...
- White papers 2004-02-20
- Contribution to the Comprehension of the Calcium Ions Transfer Phenomena Through a Nanofiltration Spiral Wound Membrane
- A mathematical model is proposed to predict the transfer mechanism of calcium salts through a nanofiltration membrane. The model is a combination of Nernst-Planck and film theory equations and it is characterized by three transport parameters: solute permeability Ps, reflection coefficient ó and film thickness ä. In the present work,...
- White papers 2004-02-16
- Nanofiltration of Biologically Treated Textile Effluents Using Ozone as a Pre-Treatment
- This work reveals that biologically treated textile wastewaters were subjected to ozonation as a pre-treatment stage to NF. The aim was to reduce organic matter in order to prevent membranes from fouling and to oxidize organic wastewater compounds that could damage the membrane material. NF experiments were carried out in...
- White papers 2004-02-12
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