The paper reveals that the drastic production loss, ever increasing heavy chemical cleaning programs, fouling of RO membranes and subsequent replacement within a short period of commissioning mystified the desalination world and drew the attention of experts in this field. Ultrafiltration membrane technology emerged as the best viable alternative and...
Transport competition between the protons and the alkyl metal cations Li+, Na+, K+ and Cs+ across a cation exchange membrane CEM, called CMH, was studied in terms of an electro dialysis process with three different configurations: water/water (W/W), solvent/water (S/W) and solvent/solvent (S/S). The electro-transport of solvent molecules through the...
This paper presents the implications of the so-called optimized NF membrane properties on the economic assessment as well as the process performance of NF membrane system which is also discussed. The predictive model for NF membranes such as the Donnan steric-pore model has been used in conjunction with an economic...
A kinetic study of the facilitated transport of sodium and chloride ions through bulk liquid membranes containing, respectively, di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid and tri-n octylmethyl ammonium hydroxide, as carriers, and using, respectively, hydrogen and hydroxyl ions as counter-ions in the product phase, is described. The transport kinetic was analyzed by...
The paper work aims to describe and characterize inorganic membranes at low cost and to study their performance through a fermentation-cross flow micro filtration MF coupling process. New mineral membranes were created from sintered clay in which a certain quantity of coal was added to the mixture before the sintering...
A mathematical model is proposed to predict the transfer mechanism of calcium salts through a nanofiltration membrane. The model is a combination of Nernst-Planck and film theory equations and it is characterized by three transport parameters: solute permeability Ps, reflection coefficient ó and film thickness ä. In the present work,...
This work reveals that biologically treated textile wastewaters were subjected to ozonation as a pre-treatment stage to NF. The aim was to reduce organic matter in order to prevent membranes from fouling and to oxidize organic wastewater compounds that could damage the membrane material. NF experiments were carried out in...
This article deals with water removal from oil-in-water emulsion by an ultrafiltration membrane at different transmembrane pressures. The membrane intrinsic resistance and gel resistance are analyzed and determined based on the resistance-in-series theory. The experimental results show that the effect of pressure on the permeate flux depends greatly on variations...
In this paper a correlation between the transport properties of poly (methyl-4-pentene-1) membranes and the supermolecular structure of polymer is demonstrated. The orientation of the amorphous regions induced by semicrystallinity results in the appearance of the constrained and unconstrained amorphous structures. The concept of two amorphous fractions in the semicrystalline...
An alternative method using established polymer processing and membrane formation processes to prepare hydrophilic membranes based on acid modified polyolefins is introduced. This process includes blend formation by reactive extrusion of functionalized polyolefins (polypropylene; PP) and a hydrophilic polyamide PA. In a first step the pore formation is realized by...
A simulation model described for a semi-batch and unsteady-state system was applied to the experimental conditions (batch and steady-state mode) and verified. The model uses the solution diffusion approach to depict the mass transfer through the membrane, while the constants are determined experimentally. Good agreement between the experimental and model...
Surface modification of nanofiltration cellulose acetate CA membranes was carried out by alternating layer-by layer deposition of acidic chitosan CHI and sodium alginate ALG as the cationic and anionic polyelectrolyte, respectively. The pore size of the CA substrates monitored by the annealing temperature was determined from the retention values of...
The competition between membrane and thermal methods as well as the reduction of unit costs can be observed in the desalination field. Because of the high share of pre-treatment in the total cost of desalination, the increase of recovery rate may improve the performance of desalination to a great extent....
The coupling of the adsorption of humic acids HA at 10 mg/l onto Algerian montmorillonite pillared by polyaluminium chloride (Mont-Al13) to a microfiltration process through a polysulfone membrane leads to total organic carbon TOC removal efficiencies close to 60%. Retention of the modified montmorillonite by the membrane barrier of the...
Salt precipitation on membranes limits industrial application of total electrodialysis reversal ERD and asymmetrical electrodialysis EDA. Two processes counteract in practice: salt precipitation intensification in comparison with RO due to electric field impact; and separation of precipitation from membranes with polarity and reverse hydraulic flows. It was determined that for...
The study focuses on investigating particle behavior in the air agitation submerged membrane system to understand more about the filtration and fouling by particles. It was found that the particles in the air agitation submerged system behaved differently from the cross-flow system although the rising air bubbles made a water...
The application of laccase and manganese-dependant peroxidase MnP from Trametes versicolor to facilitate removal of aromatic hydrocarbons from a petrochemical industrial effluent was investigated. The enzymes were immobilized onto polysulphone ultrafiltration membranes thus facilitating enzyme-substrate contact and the activity and duration of activity was determined with respect to the enzymatic...
Organic acids are increasingly used for various industrial applications. Bipolar membrane electrodialysis EDBM can be used to achieve the conversion of the acid salt into its acidic form. Its introduction in replacement of precipitation can significantly lower the environmental impact of the process. This paper is focused on the modeling...
Surface modifying macromolecules SMMs were synthesized and blended into the casting solution of polyethersulfone PES membranes. The solution was cast to films on the glass plate. The cast films were placed in a temperature-controlled oven with forced air circulation to remove the solvent, before being immersed into water at 4°C...
A variety of copolymers composed of polysiloxane and phosphate esters were synthesized. The copolymers with two kinds of pendent groups (oxy-organic and amino) were coated on the porous PVDF substrates and then cured to form composite membranes. An interfacial layer was deposited on the surface of the PVDF substrate prior...
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