This paper describes the results of a study to understand the strategies and practices used by firms that achieve greater success in their collaborative innovation efforts. We found many firms mistakenly applied an "Outsourcing" mindset to collaboration efforts which, in turn, led to three critical errors: First, they focused solely...
This paper seeks to use quantitative models to help appreciate the behavioral processes associated with successful cross-functional and cross-firm alignment in supply/demand planning. The interaction is modeled between a sales and a manufacturing function within a firm, or between an upstream and downstream firm. It was claimed that misalignment is...
We have argued that no matter how a multi-divisional organization is designed, it will need to find effective ways to spontaneously and responsively coordinate information and activity across its resulting units. This paper discusses how optimal patterns of such emergent collaboration can be depressed by three key barriers: psychological bias...
Designers often seek modular architectures to better accommodate expected changes and to enable parallel development. However, we lack a formal theory and model of modularity and software evolution, which can be used for description, prediction, and prescription. According to Baldwin and Clark's theory, modular architectures add value to system designs...
Human beings are critical to the functioning of the vast majority of operating systems, influencing both the way these systems work and how they perform. Yet most formal analytical models of operations assume that the people who participate in operating systems are fully rational or at least can be induced...
Capitalism is often defined as an economic system where private actors are allowed to own and control the use of property in accord with their own interests, and where the invisible hand of the pricing mechanism coordinates supply and demand in markets in a way that is automatically in the...
Until the close of the last decade, health consumers received much of their knowledge and advice about prescription drugs from their physicians or other health care professionals. The pharmaceutical companies are spending several billion dollars a year to advertise directly to these consumers. Does Direct-To-Consumer Advertising DTCA make health consumers...
In order to achieve its main goal of maximal tumor removal while avoiding postoperative neurologic deficits, neuro-oncological surgery is strongly dependent on image guidance. Among all currently available imaging modalities, MRI provides the best anatomic detail and is highly sensitive for intracranial pathology. However, conventional MRI does not detect the...
Health care utilization and outcome studies call for hierarchical approaches. The objectives were to predict major complications following percutaneous coronary interventions by health providers, and to compare Bayesian and non-Bayesian sample size calculation methods. The hierarchical data structure consisted of: Strata: PGY4, PGY7, and physician assistant as providers with varied...
In recent comparative works on the constitutional structures of contemporary liberal democracies, the United States and Germany have been grouped together as examples of democratic systems with an exceptionally high degree of ?Institutional pluralism?. In other typologies both countries have even been classified as ?Semisovereign democracies?. As the comparative assessments...
3D freehand ultrasound imaging is becoming a widespread technique in medical examinations. This imaging technique produces a set of irregularly spaced B-scans. Reconstructing a regular grid from these B-scans is a challenging problem that enables the visualization and further analysis of the acquired data. This paper focuses on extending an...
This paper proposes a novel bias correction method for magnetic resonance MR imaging that uses complementary body coil and surface coil images. The former are spatially homogeneous but have low signal intensity; the latter provide excellent signal response but have large bias fields. They present a variational framework where they...
Magnetic resonance imaging MRI has been used as a research tool in evaluation of the female pelvic floor for over a decade. Early studies were limited because of poor resolution and long scan times, which prohibited evaluation of pelvic floor descent. During the past few years, the advent of surface...
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that affects nearly 1% of the general population and has long been a challenge for both clinicians and researchers in terms of treatment and etiology. More recently, evidence has amassed that suggests that schizophrenia is a brain disorder, and that some aspects of this...
Small bowel MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a new imaging modality which excellently depicts small intestine pathology in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Virtual endoscopy based on sectional imaging is a recently introduced technique to create endoscopy like views. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of...
Magnetic resonance MR imaging has opened up new avenues of diagnosis and treatment that were not previously available. There are a number of artifacts which can arise in the MR imaging process and make subsequent analysis more challenging. Probably the most drastic visual effect is the intensity in homogeneity caused...
Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging DTI is a new technique that can be used to visualize and measure the diffusion of water in brain tissue; it is particularly useful for evaluating white matter abnormalities. In this paper, they review research studies that have applied DTI for the purpose of understanding...
High spatial resolution imaging of the petrous bone can significantly aid in the depiction of this complex structure's anatomy and pathology, and can assist in surgical planning. In this study we developed a 3D fast-spin-echo MR imaging sequence that can obtain images with a voxel size of 0.4 x 0.4...
Line scan diffusion tensor images were obtained in excised human adult spinal cord. The diffusion tensor eigenvalues (11, h2, and h3) and the in-plane angle of the second eigenvector was measured. After the imaging experiments, corresponding histology sections were stained with silver to visualize the collateral nerve fibers and to...
Disruptions in connectivity between the frontal and temporal lobes may explain some of the symptoms observed in schizophrenia. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging MRI studies, however, have not shown compelling evidence for white matter abnormalities, because white matter fiber tracts cannot be visualized by conventional MRI. Diffusion tensor imaging is a...
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