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- Trade Wars: The Exaggerated Impact of Trade in Economic Debate
- The rules governing trade and capital flows have been at the center of controversy as globalization has proceeded. One reason is the belief that trade and capital flows have massive effects on the labor market - either positive, per the claims of international financial institutions and free trade enthusiasts, or...
- White papers 2003-09-01
- The Geography of Trade in Goods and Asset Holdings
- This paper shows that bilateral asset holdings and trade in goods are strongly correlated. The causality can run in both ways: it could be that an asset holding enhances trade in goods and/or that trade in goods enhances asset holdings. This relationship raises the question about the robustness of the...
- White papers 2004-05-01
- Trade in Health Services
- The objective of the study presented in this paper is to provide an overview of the nature of international trade in health services and the lessons that can be learnt from the national, regional, and multilateral experience in this context. This study discusses the various ways in which health services...
- White papers 2001-06-01
- International Trade in Services: Implications for the IMF
- This paper reviews the characteristics of international trade in services and of the World Trade Organization's General Agreement on Trade in Services GATS framework, which was established to regulate it. Further liberalization of services trade in developing countries, as currently envisaged in the context of the WTO Doha Development Agenda,...
- White papers 2003-12-01
- Interactions Between Foreign Direct Investment And Trade In A General Equilibrium Framework
- This paper on trade and Foreign Direct Investment FDI indicates that they could be either substitutes or complements. The empirical evidence on U.S.-Japan and APEC countries suggests that trade and FDI exhibit a complementary relationship. To examine interactions between FDI and trade adjustments, APEC trade and investment liberalization scenarios are...
- White papers 2005-11-01
- FairSource: Responsible Enterprise Development Through Trade in Services
- The impact of trade on sustainable development depends on the nature of the relations created through trade. FairSource brings the benefits of trade to local economies by fostering empowering trade relations for independent enterprises. FairSource is a system of trade based on responsible entrepreneurship, access to opportunity, and human rights....
- White papers 2005-07-25
- Identifying The Relationship Between Trade And Exchange Rate Volatility
- The authors have developed a model of international trade in which trade depresses real exchange rate volatility and exchange rate volatility impacts trade in products differently according to their degree of differentiation. In particular, commodities are less affected by exchange rate volatility than more highly differentiated products. These insights allow...
- White papers 2004-02-01
- Trading in Food Safety? The Impact of Trade Agreements on Quarantine in Australia
- International trade in food is increasing and bringing new challenges to public health. In the past, Australians have been able to take it for granted that the food they consumed was relatively safe as rigorous national food standards were applied both to domestically produced and imported food. Quarantine regulations ensured...
- White papers 2004-10-01
- Global Food Consumption and Impacts on Trade Patterns
- This report examines the effect of difference and changes in global food consumption on trade patterns. Driven primarily by per capita income growth, the composition of world agricultural trade has substantially changed in the past two decades. For developing countries, consumption and trade are shifting from basic staples towards higher...
- White papers 2001-06-04
- Free Trade or Fair Trade? An Enquiry into the Causes of Failure in Recent Trade Negotiations
- Focusing on frictions between developing countries and industrial economies in the particular area of trade in manufactured goods, the purpose of this paper is to argue that the failure of the negotiations is related to a number of fallacies and contradictions surrounding the concepts and practices of universal trade liberalization...
- White papers 2000-12-01
- The New Agricultural Trade Negotiations: Background and Issues for the U.S. Cotton Sector
- New multilateral trade negotiations under the World Trade Organization WTO were initiated for agriculture in 2000. International trade is particularly important for cotton, since 30 percent of the world's consumption of cotton fiber crosses international borders before consumption by textile mills, and, through trade in yarn, fabric, and clothing, much...
- White papers 2000-11-01
- The New Agricultural Trade Negotiations: Background and Issues for the U.S. Beef Sector
- This report focuses on the negotiations on trade in agriculture that were initiated by the World Trade Organization WTO in 2001. These negotiations were focusing on extending the gains to world trade achieved in the 1994 Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture URAA. For the beef sector, the URAA, continuing a...
- White papers 2001-12-01
- FDI And Trade In The UK: Substitutes Or Complements?
- The mainstay theory of the multinational firm worked out a range of different arguments that speak for both, complementary as well as substitutional links among Foreign Direct Investment FDI and trade. In accordance to that, some empirical investigations detect a replacement of trade flows by FDI, while others reveal not...
- White papers 2005-08-01
- Multilateral Environmental Agreements and the WTO
- This presentation mainly discusses about Trade measures in MEAs. Some of the common trade measures are reporting requirement, labeling or other identification requirement, Specific and non-specific measures, movement documents / prior notification and consent, export / import bans. The main purpose of this is to provide a means of monitoring...
- White papers 2003-01-01
- Determinants of Intra-Textile and Clothing Trade: The Case of OECD Countries
- This paper examines the extents and determinants of intra-industry textile and clothing trade for the OECD countries. Trade overlap is used as the measurement of intra-industry trade IIT. The general trend of intra-OECD trade and the extents of IIT for textile and clothing trade in year 2000 were examined. Hypotheses...
- White papers 2003-06-17
- U.S. 2003 and 2004 Livestock and Poultry Trade Influenced by Animal Disease and Trade Restrictions
- Disease outbreaks and related trade restrictions have slowed previously expected high growth in many U.S. animal product exports, with U.S. beef exports most affected. This report discusses how animal diseases and disease-related trade restrictions have influenced trade in animal products in the past few years, with an emphasis on 2003...
- White papers 2004-07-01
- Firms, Contracts, and Trade Structure
- Roughly one-third of world trade is intrafirm trade. This paper starts by unveiling two systematic patterns in the volume of intrafirm trade. In a panel of industries, the share of intrafirm imports in total U.S. imports is significantly higher, the higher the capital intensity of the exporting industry. In a...
- White papers 2003-05-01
- Trade Integration and Risk Sharing
- What are the effects of increased trade in goods and services on the trade balance? We study the effects of reducing transport costs in a Ricardian model with complete asset markets. Trade integration has three effects on the structure of the economy: a reduction in the home bias in consumption,...
- White papers 2003-01-01
- The Impact of Fair Trade on Producers and Their Organisations: A Case Study With Coocafe in Costa Rica
- Fair Trade attempts to address the poverty issues of small Southern producers through the payment of a ?Fair price? for their goods and the provision of support services for producer organisations. Although Fair Trade is overwhelmingly identified with the ?fair price? paid by participating importers and buyers, sketching the possible...
- White papers 2002-06-01
- Delivering An Integrated Supply Chain
- The world economy is shaped by the globalisation of trade. However, poor visibility of the financial supply chain costs Fortune 500 corporations a massive $81 billion each year in unnecessary working capital and inefficient processing functions. In such a climate of uncertainty, one thing is certain, member governments must strengthen...
- White papers 2006-09-26
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