A controller for a non-deterministic hybrid plant must ensure that the closed-loop system meets some requirement, regardless of what the plant does. When the plant is viewed as an adversary, controller synthesis becomes the task of solving a two-person game to find the system configurations from which the controller wins....
Should the buyer of a customized good use competitive bidding or negotiation to select a contractor? To shed light on this question, the publisher offers a framework that first describes the buyer's choice of contracts, and then links this choice to the selection of competitive tendering or negotiations. The analysis...
What is the effect of imports on productivity? To answer this question, we estimate a structural model of producers using product-level import data for a panel of Hungarian manufacturing firms from 1992 to 2001. In our model with heterogenous firms, producers choose to import or purchase domestically varieties of intermediate...
Manufacturing capacity constraints have a tremendous effect on retail and wholesale prices, yet very little research, especially in marketing but even in operations management, explicitly considers capacity constraints in setting prices. We examine the role of capacity constraints in a supply chain with a single retailer and two dominant suppliers,...
As individual entities and as an aggregate industry, universities purchase large amounts of products such as paper, computers, printers, copiers, office supplies, research supplies, cleaning supplies, building materials, furniture, paint, carpet, food and more. As an institution with large purchasing requirements, Cal can influence and drive the type, availability and...
Shared-use vehicle systems take many forms, ranging from neighborhood carsharing to classic station car models. Given the recent proliferation in system approaches, it is useful to establish a classification system or framework for characterizing these programs. This article provides a shared-use vehicle classification system that describes existing and evolving models;...
Between the private automobile and traditional transit, niche markets in the United States exist for other transportation services, such as airport and transit feeder shuttles and carsharing. Commuter-based carsharing, by which individuals share a fleet of vehicles linked to transit, could potentially fill and expand one such niche. It can...
Shared-use vehicle services provide members with access to a vehicle fleet for use as needed, without the hassles and costs of individual automobile ownership. From June 2001 to July 2002, there was a survey of 18 U.S. shared-use vehicle organizations on a range of topics, including organizational size, partnerships, pricing,...
Because shared-use vehicle systems are still a relatively new mobility concept, an industry wide standardization approaches still premature. Nevertheless, there are attempts to identify many of the important issues that will play a significant role in the interoperability discussions among shared-use vehicle providers and the development of industry standards in...
To reduce transportation emissions and energy consumption, policy makers typically employ one of two approaches- changing technology or changing behavior. These strategies include demand management tools, such as ridesharing and vehicle control technologies that involve cleaner fuels and fuel economy. In 1990, the California Air Resources Board CARB focused on...
The inference of evolutionary history, whether in biology or in linguistics, is aided by a carefully considered model of the evolutionary process and a reconstruction method which is expected to produce a reasonably accurate estimation of the true evolutionary history when the real data match the model assumptions and are...
The rates-across-sites assumption in phylogenetic inference posits that the rate matrix governing the Markovian evolution of a character on an edge of the putative phylogenetic tree is the product of a character-specific scale factor and a rate matrix that is particular to that edge. Thus, evolution follows basically the same...
The paper highlights that the stated purpose of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act DMCA is to ensure the protection of copyrighted works in the digital world by fortifying the technological blocks on access and copying of those works within a legal framework. Due to significant pressure from the movie and...
This paper characterizes a three-factor model of commodity spot prices, convenience yields, and interest rates, which nests many existing specifications. The model allows convenience yields to depend on spot prices and interest rates. It also allows for time-varying risk premia. Both may induce mean-reversion in spot prices, albeit with very...
A probability model is presented for the dynamics of mutation selection balance in a haploid infinite-population infinite-sites setting sufficiently general to cover mutation-driven changes in full age-specific demographic schedules. The model accommodates epistatic as well as additive selective costs. Closed form characterizations are obtained for solutions in finite time, along...
The Dirichlet process prior allows flexible nonparametric mixture modeling. The number of mixture components is not specified in advance and can grow as new data come in. However, the behavior of the model is sensitive to the choice of the parameters, including an infinite-dimensional distributional parameter G0. Most previous applications...
Two experiments examine how consumers respond to products that have been offered as "free gifts with purchase" of another product. The underlying thesis is that consumers will infer that the costs of production of a product that is offered for free are low, and this will reduce the price they...
The Sherali-Adams SA and Lasserre LS approaches are lift-and-project" methods that generate nested sequences of linear and/or semi definite relaxations of an arbitrary 0-1 polytope P µ [0; 1]n. Although both procedures are known to terminate with an exact description of P after n steps, there are various open questions...
In this paper they propose two ways to deal with the imbalanced data classification problem using random forest. One is based on cost sensitive learning, and the other is based on a sampling technique. Performance metrics such as precision and recall, false positive rate and false negative rate, F-measure and...
They present an algorithm to estimate velocity fields from low resolution video recordings. The algorithm does not attempt to identify and track individual vehicles, nor does it attempt to estimate derivatives of the field of pixel intensities. Rather, they compress a frame by obtaining an intensity profile in each lane...
