This paper investigates the importance of firm heterogeneity for our under-standing of the aggregate volume of cross-country multinational sales. Nowadays theoretical literature points out a sorting out firms with respect to their inter-nationalization strategy according to their productivity. Using the firm level data from German firms' activities, it is found...
This paper presents a new database on government debt in 19 emerging market countries since 1980. The data set focuses on the structure of debt in terms of jurisdiction of insurance, maturity, currency composition and indexation. The paper presents stylized facts on debt structures and preliminary evidence on their determinants....
This report examines prices and spending in FEHBP Preferred Provider Organizations PPOs to determine the extent to which hospital and physician prices varied geographically, which factors were associated with geographic variation in hospital and physician prices, and the extent to which hospital and physician price variation contributed to geographic variation...
Variation occurs in all processes. Common cause variation is a natural part of the process. Another type of variation, called special causes, comes from outside the system and causes recognizable patterns, shifts, or trends in the data. The run chart shows if special causes are influencing your process. A process...
This paper develops a methodology for decomposing cross-country variation in export unit values into quality versus real price components. The methodology is based on revealed preferences in an environment where consumers have a taste for variety. The authors have derived conditions under which the unobserved export quality ratio of any...
Models which hypothesize that returns are pure jump processes with independent increments have been shown to be capable of capturing the observed variation of market prices of vanilla stock options across strike and maturity. This paper these models are employed to derive in closed form the prices of derivatives written...
The objective of the work is a comparison of the cost of energy for several concepts of a 500 MW wind farm in the Dutch North Sea. The comparison is performed by analyzing the influence of variations using an integrated wind farm cost model. It should be noted that for...
A key element in achieving Operational Excellence is to identify sources of variation that affect a process, product, or service. Once identified the key sources can then be earmarked for attention. The focus is on Six Sigma, as a methodology to achieve Operational Excellence, has at its roots a focus...
"The article documents a robust cross-sectional positive association across industries between a measure of the economic efficiency of corporate investment and the magnitude of firm-specific variation in stock returns. This finding is interesting for two reasons, neither of which is a priori obvious. First, it adds further support to the...
"Tolerance Design is the science of predicting the variation in system performance caused by variations in component values or the environment. This article shows how Monte Carlo simulation can be applied to predict and improve the quality of a system before even one prototype has been built. Using these...
Tolerance Design is the science of predicting the variation in system performance caused by variations in component values or the environment. This article shows how Monte Carlo simulation can be applied to predict and improve the quality of a system before even one prototype has been built. Using these methods...
"Regarding variation, the goals of Six Sigma is to minimize the special-cause variation that causes a sample mean to shift from the target and reduce common-cause variation, or the standard deviation of the distribution. Since the vast majority of problems (approximately 94%) are caused by common-cause variation, this...
Project managers should use the tools of quality management to improve prediction and control of project schedule and cost. This paper hypothesizes the poor performance of the project management system. Lack of understanding common cause and special cause variation underlies the problem, leading to management mistakes that degrade performance of...
Computer-aided holographic interferometry CAHI, electronic speckle pattern interferometry ESPI, and scanning laser Doppler vibrometry SLDV have become essential in the development process due to their unique capability to make sensitive, non-contact, full-field measurements. Interferometry converts phase differences between wavefronts into detectable irradiance variations fringes. Although there are many variations of...
This white paper work investigates in depth the effect of statistical facial asymmetry measurement as a biometric under expression variations. The paper findings demonstrate that the asymmetry of specific facial regions captures individual differences that are robust to variation in facial expression. The experimental results show that facial asymmetry provides...
In our daily life, we generally expect the transport system to be efficient, safe, and reliable. However, there exist several sources of uncertainties in the transportation system both on demand and supply sides. With a constant growth in economic activities most urban transport networks currently operate at...
Recent empirical studies on the value of time and reliability reveal that travel time variability plays an important role on travelers' route choice decision process. It can be considered as a risk to travelers making a trip. Therefore, travelers are not only interested in saving their travel...
This paper proposes a new travel time reliability-based traffic assignment model to investigate the rain effects on risk-taking behaviours of different road users in networks with day-to-day demand fluctuations and variations in travel time. A generalized link travel time function is used to capture the rain effects...
Optimal toll design from a network reliability point of view is addressed in this paper. Improving network reliability is proposed as a policy objective of road pricing. A reliability-based optimal toll design model, where on the upper level network performance including travel time reliability is optimized, while...
Uncertainty of traffic network operations has been a subject of lively debate in the last decade. However, little effort has been put in developing control frameworks that are not only aimed at improving the average performance of the system, but also at improving the system robustness and...
Articles 2008-09-22
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