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- Virtual Manufacturing: An Important Aspect of Collaborative Product Commerce
- The focus of this article is on virtualization aspects of manufacturing in a collaborative environment. Important paradigms of virtual manufacturing such as design-centered, production-centered and control-centered virtualization is first discussed in brief. Virtualization of important components of manufacturing such as process planning and design, equipment designs and factory layout and...
- White papers 2003-01-01
- Fluorinated Phthalazinone-Containing Copolyimides for Passive Optical Waveguides
- A series of fluorinated copolyimides containing phthalazinone moieties were prepared from 2, 2-bis (3, 4- dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA), 3, 3'4, 4'-benzophenone-tetracarboxylic dianhydride BPDA and 2-(4-aminophenyl)-4-[4-(4-aminophenoxyl)phenyl]-2,3-phthalazin-1-one (DHPZ-2NH2) for making polymeric optical waveguides. The resulting copolymers containing 0-50 mol% BPDA/ DHPZ-2NH2 show good solubility and are soluble in some organic polar...
- White papers 2004-02-20
- Preparation, Characterization and Electrochemical Properties of Polypyrrole-Polystyrene Sulfonic Acid Composite Film
- Polypyrrole-polystyrene sulfonic acid (PPy-PSSA) composite films have been electro synthesized in an aqueous solution of PSSA. The electro-active films exhibit cation exchange during the redox process. Infrared, Raman and energy dispersive spectroscopic results demonstrated that the polyanion of PSS- is co-deposited into the PPy matrix and couldn't be stripped from...
- White papers 2003-12-10
- Mechanical Properties of Ozonized HDPE Filled With Sericite-Tridymite-Cristobalite
- The mechanical properties of ozonized high density polyethylene HDPE blended with sericite-tridymitecristobalite STC were studied in this paper. The experimental results show that some oxygen containing polar groups are introduced on the molecular chain of HDPE through ozonization, the compatibility between HDPE and STC is thus improved, the mechanical properties...
- White papers 2004-01-09
- Micellization Studies of Dodecyl Benzenesulfonic Acid and Its Interaction With Polyvinylpyrrolidone
- Dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid DBSA surfactant was used in the present study to find the effect of concentration on its electrical conductance in solution from 293-323 K above and below the critical micelle concentration CMC. The micellization parameters i.e. degree of counter ion binding ( ß), aggregation number n and number...
- White papers 2004-01-19
- Organo-Soluble Fluorinated Polyimides Derived From alpha,alpha-Bis(4-amino-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-4?-fluorophenyl Methane and Various Aromatic Dianhydrides
- Organo-soluble fluorinated polyimides were synthesized by the polycondensation of a new aromatic diamine a, a- bis (4-amino-3, 5-dimethylphenyl)-4?-fluorophenyl methane with several aromatic dianhydrides. The one-step polymerization procedure was conducted at 180_ in m-cresol, producing the polyimides with inherent viscosities of 0.68-0.76 dL g-1. The polyimides could be soluble not only...
- White papers 2003-12-08
- Rapid Synthesis of Novel Optically Active Poly(amide-imide)s Derived From N,N'?-(pyromellitoyl)-Bis-L-alanine Diacid Chloride and Hydantoin Derivatives Under Microwave Irradiation
- Eight novel poly (amide-imide) s were synthesized under microwave irradiation by using a domestic microwave oven from the polycondensation reactions of N, Nï-pyromellitoyl-bis-L-alanine diacid chloride (1) with eight different derivatives of hydantoin compounds (2a-h) in the presence of a small amount of a polar organic medium such as o-cresol. The...
- White papers 2004-05-18
- Preparation of Polyvinylidene Fluoride/Polyvinyl Dimethylsiloxane Composite Hollow Fiber Membranes and Their Separation Properties
- Microporous polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF hollow fiber membranes were spun using the dry-wet phase inversion method. By means of dip-coating technique, a uniform coating with thickness of around 5-12 µm of polyvinyl dimethylsiloxane PVDMS was formed on the surface of porous PVDF hollow fibers. The structural parameters of PVDF substrate membrane...
- White papers 2004-02-04
- Intromission of Water-Repellent and Hydroscopic Properties Simultaneously to PP by Plasma Discharge Method
- Plasma-induced surface graft copolymerization of acrylic acid on polypropylene non-woven fabric (PP-g-AA) and polypropylene membrane were reported. The extents of grafting were controlled by the plasma and polymerization condition. Hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide was then coupled with the carboxyl group of PP-g-AA to obtain a polyion complex PIC. At last, CF4...
- White papers 2004-02-20
- Plantago Psyllium-Grafted-Polyacrylonitrile: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Use for Solid Removal From Sewage Wastewater
- Plantago psyllium mucilage PSY, an anionic natural polysaccharide consisting of pentosan and uronic acid obtained from the seeds of Plantago psyllium Plantago family, was grafted with acrylonitrile AN. Graft copolymers were prepared by ceric ion initiated solution polymerization technique and was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and differential...
- White papers 2004-06-01
- Development of an Expert System Modelling the Construction Process
- A new construction process system, Construction Best Practice System CONBPS, has been developed based on the use of an expert system. This model clearly identifies the roles and responsibilities of the major parties within the building team and identifies the activities and the key issues within the project cycle. The...
- White papers 2002-12-15
- Electronic Networking Technologies in Construction
- Electronic Networking Technologies ENT has already made inroads into the construction industry as communication and information retrieval tools. Even though considered as the laggard in adopting ENT services in construction project activities, many construction companies have entered the ENT age. This paper presents the state-of-the-art of services provided by ENT...
- White papers 2003-12-12
- Evaluating Power Efficient Data-Reuse Decisions for Embedded Multimedia Applications: An Analytical Approach
- Power consumption of multimedia applications executing on embedded cores is heavily dependent on data transfers between system memory and processing units. The purpose of this paper is to extend an existing power optimizing methodology based on data-reuse decisions, in order to determine the optimal solution in a rapid and reliable...
- White papers 2003-04-16
- An Efficient Low-Swing Multithreshold-Voltage Low-Power Design Technique
- New low-power design architecture based on low-swing voltage technique is proposed in this paper. A new CMOS inverter of three output-voltage levels is used to achieve this target. To verify the validity of the proposed technique, three different logic families are used. SPICE simulation results for the three logic families...
- White papers 2003-07-05
- A Novel Method for High-Performance Phase-Locked Loop
- This paper proposes a phase-locked loop PLL with dual PFDs and a modified Loop filter in which advantages of both PFDs can be combined and the trade-of between acquisition behavior and locked behavior can be achieved. By operating the appropriate PFD connected to the well-adjusted charge pump and regulating the...
- White papers 2002-11-12
- Routability-Driven Packing: Metrics and Algorithms for Cluster-Based FPGAS
- Most of the FPGA's area and delay are due to routing. Considering routability at earlier steps of the CAD flow would both yield better quality and faster design process. This paper discusses the metrics that affect routability in packing logic into clusters. It presents a routability-driven clustering method for cluster-based...
- White papers 2003-01-16
- Low-Voltage MOS Chaotic Oscillator Based on the Nonlinearity of Gm
- This paper presents a chaotic oscillator based on the nonlinearity of the typical transconductance Gm. This chaotic circuit only consists of 13 MOS transistors and three grounded capacitors, which is one of the smallest chaotic oscillators. This circuit operates on low voltage supply (+/-1:5 V). The dimensionless form of the...
- White papers 2003-01-22
- The Forward PDE for European Options on Stocks With Fixed Fractional Jumps
- This paper derives a partial integro differential equation PIDE which relates the price of a calendar spread to the prices of butterfly spreads and the functions describing the evolution of the process. These evolution functions are the forward local variance rate and a new concept called the {it forward local...
- White papers 2004-07-27
- Effect of Cryogenic and Heating Treatment on the Solution Properties of Nitrocellulose
- The effect of cryogenic and heating treatment on the solution properties of rigid polymer nitrocellulose NC in dilute tetrahydrofuran solution were studied with a sealed viscometer and a size exclusion chromatograph SEC, respectively. The experimental results show that the relative viscosity of NC solution decreases after repeated freezing thawing treatment....
- White papers 2004-05-08
- Synthesis and Characterization of Polymers Bearing Azobenzene and Carbazole Groups Via Post-Azo-Coupling Reaction
- The present paper presents recent results using the azo coupling reaction to prepare a series of potential photorefractive polymers. A series of polymers bearing azobenzene and carbazole groups for photorefractive purposes were prepared via post-azo-coupling reaction. The successful reaction was identified by spectroscopic analysis and gel permeation chromatography. This approach...
- White papers 2003-10-27
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